Interní Med. 2002; 4(11): 530-536

Hyperprolaktinémie a prolaktinomy

MUDr. Michal Kršek CSc
III. interní klinika VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha

Keywords: pituitary, prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Kršek M. Hyperprolaktinémie a prolaktinomy. Interní Med. 2002;4(11):530-536.

Hyperprolaktinémie je poměrně častým laboratorním nálezem a ukazuje na možnou existenci onemocnění hypotalamo-hypofyzární oblasti. Prolaktinomy jsou nejčastějšími hypofyzárními tumory a nejčastější příčinou patologické hyperprolaktinémie. V tomto článku je uveden přehled etiologie, klinických příznaků, vyšetření a léčby pacientů s hyperprolaktinémií nebo s prolaktinomem. Správná diagnóza je nezbytná pro stanovení správného léčebného postupu těchto pacientů a je založena na pečlivé anamnéze, včetně anamnézy farmakologické, spolehlivém stanovení sérových koncentrací prolaktinu a zobrazení hypotalamo-hypofyzární oblasti. Po stanovení přesné a pokud možno etiologické diagnózy následuje léčba, jejímž primárním cílem je normalizace prolaktinémie, případně zmenšení prolaktinomu. Léčba by měla zahrnovat i léčbu primární příčiny hyperprolaktinémie, pokud je známá. Péče o pacienty s hyperprolaktinémií a prolaktinomy vyžaduje multidisciplinární přístup a komplikované případy patří do péče endokrinologa zkušeného v této oblasti.

Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas

Hyperprolactinemia is common finding in clinical practice and indicates possible existence of a hypothalamic - pituitary disorder. Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumour and the most frequent cause of pathologic hyperprolactinemia. This paper gives an oveview comprising aetiology of hyperprolactinaemia, its clinical manifestation, examination of patients with hyperprolactinaemia, as well as management of patients with hyperprolactinemia and/or prolactinomas. Correct diagnosis is essential for an appropriate therapeutic approach and is based on a careful clinical and pharmacological history, an accurate and reliable estimation of prolactin serum levels, and imaging of hypothalamic-pituitary region. After the precise diagnosis is established, proper treatment should be chosen. The primary goal of treatment is to normalise prolactin serum levels, decrease the volume of prolactinoma and should include also treatment of primary cause of hyperprolactinemia if it is known. The management of patients with hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas needs multidisciplinary approach and experienced endocrinologist should manage complicated cases.

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