Interní Med. 2003; 5(9): 460-465

Přednemocniční péče o nemocné s akutním infarktem myokardu

MUDr. Petr Janský
Interní klinika fakultní nemocnice Motol a 2. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, prehospital care, reperfusion therapy.

Published: December 31, 2003  Show citation

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Janský P. Přednemocniční péče o nemocné s akutním infarktem myokardu. Interní Med. 2003;5(9):460-465.

Pacienti v prvních hodinách po vzniku akutního infarktu myokardu jsou ohroženi řadou závažných komplikací, z nichž nejobávanější je náhlá smrt na podkladě primární fibrilace komor. Úmrtí v prehospitalizační fázi tvoří podstatnou část celkové mortality na srdeční infarkt. Opatření vedoucí ke zlepšení přednemocniční péče tak mají velký potenciál významně ovlivnit zdravotní stav populace. Je třeba stále usilovat o zkrácení intervalů od vzniku obtíží do poskytnutí adekvátního ošetření. Celou řadu farmakologických postupů včetně fibrinolytické léčby je vhodné zahajovat co nejčasněji. Již v přednemocniční etapě je možno rozhodovat o zvolení optimální reperfuzní strategie podle doby od vzniku obtíží a předpokládaného trvání transportu. K tomu je třeba zajistit rutinní provádění 12svodového EKG záznamu posádkami záchranné služby u pacientů s podezřením na akutní koronární syndrom. Transport nemocných s akutním infarktem myokardu na specializovaná katetrizační pracoviště k přímé koronární intervenci je bezpečný a je spojen se zlepšením klinického průběhu onemocnění. Teoreticky výhodná kombinace přednemocniční farmakologické a následné mechanické reperfuzní terapie je zatím ve fázi klinického výzkumu.

Prehospital care of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Patients during the first hours after acute myocardial infarction development are threatened with several severe complications, the most frightening one of those is sudden cardiac death because of primary ventricular fibrillation. Death rate in prehospitalization period represents the major fraction of total mortality due to myocardial infarction. Therefore measurements directing towards improvement of prehospital care could comprise considerable potential to influence tremendously health care of population. We still have to attempt to shorten the interval from symptoms development to the proper therapy initiation. Pharmacotherapy, fibrinolytics included, should be administered as soon as possible. Decision making what optimal reperfusion strategy will be implemented could be done during prehospital phase according to symptoms duration and the estimated time needed for transportation. Thus, it is necessary to arrange routine recording of 12 lead ECG by paramedics crews in patients with suspicion of acute coronary symptoms. Transportation of patients with acute myocardial infarction to specialized cath lab for direct coronary intervention is safe and associated with improvement of clinical course. Theoretical advantage of combined prehospital pharmacologic and consequent mechanical reperfusion therapy has been under clinical research.

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