Interní Med. 2004; 6(2): 59-60

Nedostatek vitaminu D ve stáří

MUDr. Tomáš Mareth

Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, old age, myopathy, increased fractures.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Mareth T. Nedostatek vitaminu D ve stáří. Interní Med. 2004;6(2):59-60.

MUDr. Tomáš Mareth

Interní - geriatrická ambulance, Slezská nemocnice, Opava

Vitamin D (vit. D) je schopno lidské tělo tvořit v kůži, ale také přijímat perorální cestou. Další metabolické děje probíhají v játrech a ledvinách. Výsledkem je účinný hormon kalcitriol. Ve stáří dochází ke snížené tvorbě vit. D v kůži a rovněž se snižuje příjem tenkým střevem. Onemocnění jater a ledvin se také podílí rovněž na nízké hladině kalcitriolu. Výsledkem je horší kvalita kostní tkáně. Vit. D se rovněž podílí na udržování síly antigravitačních svalů dolních končetin a jejich reakční době. Nedostatek vit. D způsobuje myopatii z nedostatku vitaminu D, která je příčinou častějších pádů ve stáří a následných zlomenin. Na ortopedickém oddělení jsme monitorovali hladinu vit. D (konkrétně kalcidiolu) u pacientů s frakturou krčku kosti stehenní. Bylo vyšetřeno 22 pacientů starších 65 let (4 muži a 18 žen), průměrný věk činil 81,4 let. Jen jeden pacient měl dostatečnou hladinu kalcidiolu - 4,5%, 8 pacientů - 36,4% mělo hladinu v pásmu lehkého deficitu a 13 pacientů - 59,1% mělo hladinu v pásmu těžkého deficitu. Deficit vit. D lze léčit řadou přípravků. Úpravou hladiny vit. D lze zlepšit kvalitu kostní tkáně i svalovou sílu a tím snížit frekvenci pádů a zlomenin seniorů.

Vitamin D deficiency in old age

The human body can produce vitamin D in the skin but can also absorb it from dietary sources. Further metabolism occurs in liver and kidneys, ultimately producing the active form of the hormone, calcitriol. Vitamin D production is decreased in old age and additionally dietary supply to the small intestine is reduced. Disorders of the liver and kidneys contribute to lower levels of calcitriol. The final result is inferior bone quality. Vitamin D participates in the maintenance of muscle strength and reaction time, notably the postural muscles of the lower limbs. Vitamin D deficiency can be associated with proximal myopathy, with the potential for frequent falls and subsequent fractures. In our orthopedic department, we have monitored levels of Vitamin D (as calcidiol) in patients with fractures of the femoral neck. Values were recorded in 22 patients (4 males, 18 females) aged over 65 years (mean age 81.4 years). Only one patient (4.5%) had a sufficient level of calcidiol, 8 patients (36.4%) had mildly deficient levels, while 13 patients (59.1%) had severely deficient values. Vitamin D deficiency is treatable with a number of preparations. With corrected Vitamin D levels, it is possible to improve bone quality, muscle strength and thereby potentially reduce the frequency of falls and fractures in seniors.

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