Interní Med. 2001; 3(4): 170-174

Lesk a bída fibrátů

MUDr. Jan Pi»ha
I. interní klinika FTN, IPVZ Praha

Keywords: fibrates, prevention, clinical studies, dyslipoproteinemias, cardiovascular diseases.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

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Pi»ha J. Lesk a bída fibrátů. Interní Med. 2001;3(4):170-174.

Fibráty jsou jednou z nejstarąích skupin hypolipidemik. Molekulární mechanizmus jejich působení je veden nejspíąe přes hormonální receptory PPAR. Přes tyto receptory dochází ke stimulaci aktivity lipoproteinové lipázy a daląích faktorů, podílejících se na katabolizmu triglyceridy bohatých lipoproteinů. Hlavním účinkem fibrátů je sníľení triglyceridů a zvýąení ochranného HDL cholesterolu. Celkový a LDL cholesterol sniľují fibráty méně. Kromě efektu na lipidové spektrum působí fibráty příznivě na koagulační faktory. Dále byl prokázán jejich vliv na regresi aterosklerózy v koronárních tepnách a na zlepąení endoteliální dysfunkce. V rozsáhlejąích klinických studiích vąak fibráty nedokázaly sníľit mortalitu na kardiovaskulární příhody ani mortalitu celkovou. Jedním z vysvětlení je fakt, ľe z léčby fibráty profitují pouze určité skupiny rizikových osob s vyąąí hladinou triglyceridů a nízkou koncentrací ochranného HDL cholesterolu. Pro tyto pacienty mohou být fibráty léky zachraňující ľivot. Ploąné podávání fibrátů k prevenci ischemické choroby srdeční nelze na základě současných poznatků doporučit.

Brightness and Misery of Fibrates

The fibrates represent one of the oldest group of anti-hyperlipidemic agents. Molecular mechanism of action is delivered most probably via hormone receptors PPAR. Through this reaction, fibrates enhance lipoprotein lipase activity and action of other factors participating in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The main effect of the fibric acid derivatives consists of a decrease in triglycerides levels and in an increase in protective HDL cholesterol level. Plasma levels of total and LDL cholesterol are lowered less by fibrates. Fibric acid derivatives, beyond altering the circulating lipid concentrations, may have beneficial effects on coagulation. Fibrates have been proved to regress atherosclerosis in coronary arteries and to improve endothelial dysfunction. However, in large clinical trials fibrates failed to demonstrate an effect on decrease both in total mortality and in mortality from cardiovascular causes. One of explanations could be, that only some particular risk groups of patients (those with high plasma triglycerides and low protective HDL cholesterol) could profit from the therapy with fibrates. For them, fibrates can be life-saving drugs. Based upon up-to-date data, wide use of fibrates in prevention of coronary artery disease could not be recommended.

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