Interní Med. 2001; 3(8): 342-346

Novinky v ovlivňování chuti k jídlu

doc. MUDr. Štěpán Svačina CSc
III. interní klinika VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha

Keywords: obesity, insulin resistance, anorectic drugs, diabetes, psychotropic drugs.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

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Svačina Š. Novinky v ovlivňování chuti k jídlu. Interní Med. 2001;3(8):342-346.

Řízení chuti k jídlu je komplikovaný zejména hypothalamický proces, který je ovlivňován jednak hormonálními a metabolickými signály z periferie (tuková tkáň a trávicí trakt), jednak hormonální regulací na úrovni hypothalamu. Centrální (mozková) inzulinorezistence, která je součástí metabolického Reavenova syndromu, se podílí jak na nedostatečném potlačení chuti k jídlu, tak na vyšší sympatikotonii, která je typická pro hypertenzi. Také celá řada psychofarmak vyvolává centrálním mechanizmem přírůstek hmotnosti a je vhodné k tomuto jevu při indikaci léčby přihlížet. Klasické je ovlivnění chuti k jídlu tzv. anorektiky (dnes fenterminem a sibutraminem). Je však třeba přihlížet ke kontraindikacím těchto léků, zejména k přítomnosti ICHS, věku nad 65 let, přítomnosti psychóz a glaukomu. U pacientů bez kontraindikací lze dlouhodobým podáváním sibutraminu dosáhnout dostatečné redukce hmotnosti a potlačení chuti k jídlu. Nejen tam, kde jsou kontraindikována anorektika, lze efektivního poklesu hmotnosti dosáhnout orlistatem, který prakticky nemá kontraindikace. Ze všech skupin obézních mají nejzávažnější prognózu diabetici, u kterých jsou, jak sibutramin tak orlistat, nyní po splnění indikačních kriterií částečně hrazeny pojišťovnou.

New findings in the regulation of appetite

Regulation of appetite is a complex mainly hypothalamic process, that is controlled by hormonal and metabolic signals from periphery (fat tissue and gastrointestinal tract) and by local acting hormones in hypothalamus. Insulin resistance of central nervous system is a part of metabolic (Reaven-s) syndrome. It leads to low reduction of appetite and to higher tonus of sympathetic nervous system e.g. in essential hypertension. Many psychotropic drugs cause weight gain by the appetite changing mechanism. It is important to avoid the side effect of these drugs. Classical antiobesity drugs are anorectics. Today only phentermine and sibutramine are used. It is necessary to follow contraindications of these drugs e.g. ischemic heart disease, age over 65 years and glaucoma. In patients without contraindication long term use of sibutramine is effective in suppressing appetite. Not only where contraindications to anorectic drugs are present effective weight loss can be acquired using peripherally acting orlistat, which has practically no contraindications. From all groups of patient most severe prognosis is present in diabetics, in these patients sibutramine and orlistat are partly covered by health insurance offices.

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