Interní Med. 2001; 3(8): 358-362

Incidentalomy v endokrinologii - hypofýza

prof. MUDr Josef Marek DrSc
III. interní klinika VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha

Keywords: incidentaloma, pituitary adenoma, functionless pituitary mass, prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing´s disease.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

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Marek J. Incidentalomy v endokrinologii - hypofýza. Interní Med. 2001;3(8):358-362.

Náhodně objevené ložiskové procesy v oblasti hypofýzy (incidentalomy), tj. procesy, které jsou zachyceny pomocí počítačové tomografie (CT) či magnetické rezonance (MR) při vyšetřování jiné nemoci a nemají dosud vyjádřenou svou vlastní klinickou symptomatologii, se vyskytují podle různých sdělení ve 4-20 % všech vyšetřovaných. Nejčastěji je náhodný nález na CT nebo MR adenom, diferenciální diagnóza je však značně široká a může se jednat o jiné nádory hypofýzy, zánětlivá postižení, ale nejčastěji drobné cysty a krvácení do hypofýzy. Incidentalomy jsou z velké části afunkční a nebo produkují hormony, které se klinicky neprojeví (gonadotropinomy). Jen část jinak sekrečních adenomů je zachycena ve fázi, kdy ještě nepůsobí klinickou symptomatologii (v preklinické fázi). Přesto však vzhledem k těmto adenomům je nutno všechny náhodné nálezy v oblasti hypofýzy vyšetřit vyhledávacími vyšetřeními k vyloučení prolaktinomů (sérový prolaktin), akromegalie (sérové IGF I), Cushingovy choroby (plazmatický kortizol po supresi dexametazonem), TSH secernujícího adenomu (TSH, fT4) a gonadotropinomu (LH, FSH a pokud možno i alfa-podjednotku a beta řetězce).

Incidentalomas in Endocrinology - Pituitary

Incidentally discovered pituitary masses (incidentalomas) represent masses, which are disclosed with imaging techniques (CT and MR) during examination of unrelated symptoms and signs and which are without their own symptomatology. Autopsy and radiological studies suggest that they may be present in 4 % to 20 % of the population. Not always the asymptomatic mass reveals an adenoma. Various lesions like other kind of tumours, inflammatory and granulomatous lesions, cysts and intrapituitary haemorrhages may be present within pituitary and in the sellar and parasellar region. Incidentally discovered mass are mostly asymptomatic even on laboratory examination. Only a part of secreting adenomas are disclosed in the pre-clinical stage. Nevertheless, all incidentally discovered masses should be screened to diagnose possible prolactinomas (serum prolactin levels), acromegaly (serum IGF I), Cushing´s syndrome (short dexamethasone test), TSH secreting adenoma (TSH, fT4) and gonadotropinoma (LH, FSH and their subunits).

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References

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