Interní Med. 2001; 3(11): 512-516

IgA nefropatie

prof. MUDr. Václav MONHART CSc1,2
1 III. interní oddělení, Ústřední vojenská nemocnice Praha
2 Interní klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN, KlinLab s. r. o., Praha

Keywords: IgA nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, hematuria, ACE inhibitors, corticosteroids, fish oil.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
MONHART V. IgA nefropatie. Interní Med. 2001;3(11):512-516.

IgA nefropatie (IgA-N) je nejčastější primární chronickou glomerulonefritidou. Vyskytuje se jako primární onemocnění, zřídka je sekundárním projevem chronických nemocí jater, střev, kůže či pojiva. V patogenezi, která není dosud zcela objasněna, se uplatňuje nadprodukce polymerního IgA1. Diagnostický je imunofluorescenční nález difuzních depozit IgA v mesangiu glomerulů. IgA-N se v době stanovení diagnózy projevuje jedním ze 6 klinických syndromů. Nejčastějšími z nich jsou intermitentní či trvalá mikrohematurie nebo rekurentní makrohematurie. Průběh IgA-N je různorodý - u poloviny nemocných přetrvává patologický močový nález při zachované funkci ledvin, druhá polovina směřuje do chronické renální insuficience či selhání. S nepříznivou prognózou jsou spojené: mužské pohlaví, vyšší věk, chybění makrohematurie, přítomnost hypertenze, významné proteinurie, závažnější mesangiální a extrakapilární proliferace, glomerulosklerózy tubulointersticiálních a cévních změn.

V léčbě se uplatňují inhibitory ACE, kortikosteroidy a rybí tuk. O způsobu léčby rozhoduje velikost proteinurie, úroveň ledvinové funkce a histologický nález. V případě rychle progredující IgA-N se doporučuje kombinace kortikosteroidů a cyklofosfamidu. Přítomná ledvinová nedostatečnost se léčí podle stupně závažnosti konzervativním způsobem nebo náhradou funkce ledvin dialýzou či transplantací.

IgA Nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (IgA-N) is the most frequent primary chronic glomerulonephritis. It occurs as a primary disease. IgA-N is, in some rare instances, a secondary manifestation of chronic liver, intestinal, skin, or connective tissue diseases. Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, particularly the overproduction of the polymeric IgA1. The immunofluorescent finding of diffuse mesangial deposits of IgA is diagnostic. At the time of establishment of the diagnosis IgA-N manifests itself by one of six clinical syndromes. Intermittent or permanent microhematuria or recurrent macrohematuria are the most frequent of these. The course of IgA-N is heterogeneous, one being a pathological urinary finding with a normal renal function persisting in one half of patients, and another being a progression to chronic renal insufficiency or failure. An unfavourable prognosis is associated with male sex, older age, absence of macroscopic hematuria, presence of hypertension, significant proteinuria, marked mesangial and extracapillary proliferation, glomerulosclerosis and vascular lesions.

ACE inhibitors, corticosteroids and fish oil are used in the treatment of IgA-N. The amount of proteinuria, the level of renal function and the histological findings determine the form of treatment. In the case of rapidly progressive IgA-N a combination of corticosteroids with cyclophosphamide is recommended. The renal insufficiency is treated according to the degree of its severity and this treatment can range from conservative to renal replacement methods.

Download citation

References

  1. Berger, J., De Montenera, H., Hinglais, N. (1966): Classification des glomérulonéfrites en pratique biopsique. Proccedings of the Third International Congress on Nephrology, Washington, 2: 198-221. Go to original source...
  2. Churg, J., Sobin, L. H. (1982): Renal disease. Classification and atlas of glomerular disease. Igaku - Shoin, Tokyo.
  3. Coppo, R., Emancipator, S. (1994): Pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Established observations, new insights and perspectives in treatment. J. Nephrol., 7: 5-15.
  4. D´Amico, G. (1987): The commonest glomerulonephritis in the word: IgA nephropathy. Q. J. Med., 64: 709-727.
  5. Giani, M., Damiani, B., Ghio, L. et al. (1994): Clinical features and prognosis in childhood IgA nephropathy. Ren. Fail., 16: 629-636. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Ibels, L. S., Gyory, A. Z., Caterson, R. J. et al. (1997): Primary IgA nephropathy: Natural history and factors of importance in the progression of renal impairment. Kidney Int., 52 (Suppl. 61): S67-S70.
  7. Johnston, P. A., Brown, J. S., Braumholtz, D. A. et al. (1992): Clinicopathological correlations and long-term folow-up of 253 United Kingdom patients with IgA nephropathy. A report from the MRC glomerulonephritis registry. Q. J. Med., 84: 619-627.
  8. Matoušovic, K., Rossmann, P., Skibová, J. et al. (1992): IgA nefropatie. Morfologie, klinický obraz a význam mesangiálních uloženin fibrinoidu. Čas. Lék. Čes., 131: 174-177.
  9. Monhart, V., Petrů, K., Marek, J. (1995): IgA nefropatie u dospívajících a dospělých: Klinicko-morfologická korelace. Aktuality v nefrologii, 2: 27-30.
  10. Monhart, V., Petrů, K. (1997): IgA nefropatie - patogeneza, klinika a prognóza. Aktuality v nefrologii 3: 10-18.
  11. Nolin, L., Courteau, M. (1999): Management of IgA nephropathy. Evidence - based recommendations. Kidney Int., 55 (Suppl. 70): S56-S62. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Radford, M. G. Jr., Donadio, J. V. Jr., Bergstralh, E. J. et al (1997): Predicting renal outcome in IgA nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 8: 199-207. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Rychlík, I., Tesař, V. on behalf on the Czech Cooperative Glomerulonephritis Study Group (1998): Czech registry of renal biopsies in the year 1995. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 13: 823 (Abstr.).
  14. Schena, F. P. (1990): A retrospective analysis of the natural history of primary IgA nephropathy worldwide. Am. J. Med., 89: 209-215. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Schena, F. P. and the Italian Group of Renal Immunopathology (1997): Survey of the Italian Registry of Renal Biopsies. Frequency and the renal diseases for 7 consecutive years. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 12: 418-426. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Tesař, V. (1997): Současné možnosti léčení IgA nefropatie. Aktuality v nefrologii 3: 19-25.
  17. Valderrábano, F., Berthoux, F. C., Jones, E. H. P. et al. (1996): Report on management of renal failure in Europe, XXV, 1994. End stage renal disease and dialysis report. IgA nephropathy as primary renal disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 11(Suppl.1): S5-S9.




Internal Medicine for Practice

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.