Interní Med. 2001; 3(11): 15-19
Demence
- MUDr. Petr Zvolský jr
- Psychiatrická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha
Keywords: Alzheimer´s disease, Dementia, Memory, Hipocampus, Cognitive scales.
Published: December 31, 2001 Show citation
Zvolský P. Demence. Interní Med. 2001;3(11):15-19.
Demence jsou závažné stavy charakterizované dominujícími mnestickými a intelektovými poruchami a výrazným úpadkem osobnosti. Kolem dvou třetin demencí tvoří Alzheimerova nemoc, kolem jedné pětiny vaskulární demence, zbytek méně časté příčiny demence. Zásadní je diagnóza jakéhokoli kognitivního postižení, které může vést k relativně rychlému úpadku dosud produktivního člověka.
V současnosti je třeba se zabývat zvláště demencí Alzheimerova typu, jejíž léčba je dosud, stejně jako léčba -atherosklerózy mozku-, lékaři bagatelizována a často nedostatečně léčena v době, kdy ještě lze něco pro pacienta podniknout. Existují studie, které demonstrují, že opakované hodnocení kognitivních funkcí může poskytnout užitečné informace o reakci kognitivních funkcí pacientů s Alzheimerovou nemocí nebo jinými typy demencí na farmakoterapii.
Tato práce nabízí shrnující pohled na rozdělení paměti, nejčastější typy demence, názor na přístup k léčbě, který by neměl být ani nedbalý ani nihilistický, spolu s apelem na užívání škál k hodnocení postižení paměti a dalších kognitivních funkcí u našich pacientů. Pokud by byli pacienti systematicky hodnoceni škálami, pak by to výrazně pomohlo objektivizovat dosavadní průběh, odpověď na léčbu i prognózu rychlosti progrese onemocnění na základě faktických údajů, které se při vynechání testování škálami vytrácejí z dokumentace už při konzultačním vyšetření specialistou, takže stav je hodnocen retrospektivně a případný nový lékař začíná prakticky -od nuly-, ačkoli o nemoci se ví již několik let.
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome characterised by grave impairment of memory and intellectual abilities and progressive deterioration of personality. Alzheimer´s disease forms about two thirds of dementia cases, vascular dementia forms about one fifth and the rest are less frequent causes of dementia. Very important is a diagnosis of cognitive impairment that can lead to relatively rapid deterioration of still working people.
In this time it is especially important to think about Alzheimer´s dementia. Treatment of Alzheimer´s dementia is not yet provided in that amount and so precisely by doctors in time in which we can still do something useful. There are some studies that demonstrate that repetitive use of scales for assessment cognitive abilities can bring useful information about disease and its reaction to psychopharmacotherapy.
This work offers comprehensive view to different types of memory, types of dementia and approach to treatment of dementia. The approach should be careful and not nihilistic with order to use scales for assessment of memory and other cognitive functions in our patients. When patients are systematically assessed than it should help describe the course, response to therapy and prognosis of progression of disease on the basis of factual information and not only on suspicions and subjective views of specialists. When the state is assessed retrospectively than the new doctor starts practically from -the zero- although the disease is known for many years.
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