Interní Med. 2002; 4(1): 15-18

Virová myokarditida - záhadné onemocnění

prof. MUDr. Jiří Kvasnička CSc
I. interní klinika Fakultní nemocnice v Hradci Králové

Keywords: myocarditis, nonhistologic diagnosis, experimental findings, symptoms and signs.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Kvasnička J. Virová myokarditida - záhadné onemocnění. Interní Med. 2002;4(1):15-18.

Virová myokarditida je dobře definovaným, ale často obtížně diagnostikovatelným onemocněním. Postihuje většinou mladé jedince s relativně nízkou incidencí. Experimentální nálezy z posledních let ujasnily komplikované biologické procesy, které mohou být virovým postižením myokardu nastartovány. Klinické příznaky jsou značně variabilní a nespecifické. Někteří nemocní přicházejí k lékaři pod diagnózou akutního infarktu myokardu s normálním nálezem na koronárních arteriích, u některých se rozvine dysfunkce levé komory s různým klinickým průběhem, jiní mohou být v iniciálních stadiích nemoci asymptomatičtí a projevem onemocnění myokardu může být teprve selhání levé komory při dilatované kardiomyopatii se špatnou prognózou. Prvým objektivním příznakem zánětu srdečního svalu může být nevýrazná elektrokardiografická (EKG) patologie - početné ektopické stahy, nevýrazné abnormality repolarizace nebo porucha atrioventrikulárního převodu (AV) vedení - ale také náhlá srdeční smrt. V současné době neposkytuje ani biopsie myokardu klíč k efektivní léčbě a její indikace je proto nejednoznačná. Na druhé straně lze doufat, že právě tkáňový vzorek myokardu, vyšetřený moderními imunohistochemickými a molekulárně biologickými metodami přinese údaje, nutné pro cílenou a efektivní léčbu.

Viral myocarditis - mysterious disorder

Viral myocarditis is a well-defined pathological entity that is often difficult to recognize clinically. It is relatively rare and involves mainly young individuals. Recent experimental findings have improved understanding of the complicated biological processes triggered by the viral infection. Clinical symptoms and signs are highly variable and nonspecific. Some patients present with an acute myocardial infarction with normal coronaries, some develop a left ventricular dysfunction of nonuniform clinical course, others may initially be asymptomatic but end up in dilated cardiomyopathy with a grim prognosis. The only sign of acute myocarditis may be unimpressive EKG pathology - such as ectopics, abnormal repolarization or AV conduction impairment - but also a sudden death. At present, not even myocardial biopsy provides a clue for effective therapy and its indication is therefore equivocal. On the other hand, it is hoped that in the future a myocardial tissue specimen, examined by advanced immunohistological methods and by techniques of molecular biology, will provide data needed for effective treatment.

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