Interní Med. 2002; 4(2): 50-55

Diabetická nefropatie - nové možnosti léčby

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Tesař DrSc
I. interní klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin antagonists.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Tesař V. Diabetická nefropatie - nové možnosti léčby. Interní Med. 2002;4(2):50-55.

Diabetická nefropatie, zejména na podkladě diabetu 2. typu, je v současné době hlavní příčinou terminálního selhání ledvin v Evropě (včetně České republiky), USA a Japonsku. Morfologickým podkladem onemocnění je difuzní (a u menší části nemocných i nodulární) glomeruloskleróza. Klinicky je diabetická nefropatie charakterizovaná perzistentní (a obvykle postupně narůstající) albuminurií (proteinurií), hypertenzí a progresivním poklesem glomerulární filtrace a vývojem terminálního selhání ledvin, pokud pacient nezemře dříve na jinou, zpravidla kardiovaskulární komplikaci. Z hlediska průběhu lze (zejména u pacientů s diabetem 1. typu) definovat 5 stadií vývoje onemocnění. Časná diagnóza a léčba incipientní diabetické nefropatie má rozhodující význam pro zlepšení prognózy nemocných. Léčba je zaměřena zejména na optimální metabolickou kontrolu diabetu a optimální kontrolu systémové (a glomerulární) hypertenze, obvykle kombinací antihypertenziv, lékem volby jsou inhibitory angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu a antagonisté angiotenzinu II.

Diabetic nephropathy - new possibilities of therapy

Diabetic nephropathy, mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes, is now the leading cause of terminal renal failure in Europe (including the Czech Republic), USA and Japan. Diffuse (and, less commonly, also nodular) glomerulosclerosis is characteristic of renal pathology. The clinical picture of diabetic nephropathy typically includes not only persistent (and usually progressively increasing) albuminuria (proteinuria) but also hypertension and a progressive decline of the glomerular filtration rate and a resulting terminal renal failure, if the patient does not succumb to another complication, usually cardiovascular. There are 5 clinical stages in which the natural course of diabetic nephropathy (especially in patients with type 1 diabetes) may be divided. An early diagnosis and treatment of incipient diabetic nephropathy is necessary for improvement of the patient-s outcome. The treatment is based mainly on an optimal glycaemic control and an optimal control of systemic (and glomerular) hypertension, usually in combination with antihypertensives, the antiogensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the angiotensin antagonists being undoubtedly the antihypertensive drugs of choice.

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