Interní Med. 2002; 4(3): 119-122

Význam endotelu pro rozvoj kardiovaskulárních chorob

MUDr. Debora Karetová CSc
II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha

Keywords: endothelium, endothelial dysfunction, risk factors, atherogenesis.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Karetová D. Význam endotelu pro rozvoj kardiovaskulárních chorob. Interní Med. 2002;4(3):119-122.

Endotel je významným orgánem, který má zásadní vliv na udržení krevního toku, průchodnosti cév a výši krevního tlaku. Endoteliální buňky zaujímají strategickou polohu na rozhraní cirkulující krve a hladké svaloviny cévní stěny a uvolňováním různých humorálních působků kontrolují cévní relaxaci a kontrakci, trombogenezi a fibrinolýzu, aktivaci buněčných elementů krve a jejich inhibici. Těmito komplexními ději vede dysfunkce endotelu k patologickým procesům: aterogenezi, cévním spazmům, arteriální hypertenzi a srdečnímu selhání. Tyto děje pak působí hypoperfuzi orgánů a mechanizmem cévní okluze až selhání cílových struktur. Proto je klíčová snaha o minimalizaci působení nežádoucích faktorů na endotel v průběhu života a v případě již vyvinuté endoteliální dysfunkce jako počátečního stadia aterogeneze pak aplikace léků minimalizujících následné orgánové poškození.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ENDOTHELIUM FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Endothelium is an important organ which plays a key role in the maintenance of blood flow, vessel patency, and appropriate arterial pressure. Endothelial cells are strategically located at the border of circulating blood and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall, and by releasing of humoral substances they control vascular relaxation and contraction, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis, activation of blood cells and their inhibition. By these complex mechanisms the endothelial dysfunction leads to the pathological processes: atherogenesis, vascular spasms, arterial hypertension and cardiac failure. These disorders are then responsible for hypoperfusion of organs and could even lead to organ failure by arterial occlusions. Therefore, the effort to minimize undesirable factors affecting endothelial function during the lifetime is important. In the early phases of atherosclerosis when the endothelial dysfunction has already developed it is reasonable to treat with drugs which would diminish the risk of further organ dysfunction.

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