Interní Med. 2002; 4(4): 172-176

NOVEL THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS

MUDr. Petr Urbánek CSc
IV. interní klinika VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha

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Keywords: chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, lamivudine, interferon alfa, ribavirine.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Urbánek P. NOVEL THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS. Interní Med. 2002;4(4):172-176.

Chronické virové infekce jater představují v současné době jeden z největších celosvětových zdravotních problémů. Tato skutečnost je dána jednak velkým počtem osob, které jsou viry nakaženy, jednak skutečností, že v řadě případů v důsledku chronických virových infekcí jater dochází k rozvoji jaterní cirhózy, případně primární rakoviny jater. Péče o nemocné v těchto pokročilých stádiích jaterního onemocnění je přitom finančně velmi náročná. Další nepřímé náklady vznikají i vyřazením nemocných osob z pracovního procesu.

V současné době je udáváno, že ve Spojených státech je chronicky infikováno virem hepatitidy B (HBV) kolem 2 mil. osob, virem hepatitidy C (HCV) potom 3 mil. osob. Ve světě je přitom celkem infikováno virem hepatitidy B kolem 350 mil. lidí (z toho 75 % žije v Asii). HCV infekce je prokazatelná u asi 200 mil. lidí. Takováto epidemiologická data jsou jistě alarmující.

Vzhledem k uvedeným skutečnostem není divu, že problematika virových hepatitid patří mezi nejdynamičtěji se rozvíjející oblasti hepatologie. V posledních 10 letech jsme svědky nebývale rychlého pokroku na poli diagnostiky, terapie ale i prevence virových hepatitid. V důsledku nových poznatků došlo k významnému poklesu incidence potransfuzních hepatitid. Dramaticky se zvýšila i úspěšnost léčby chronických virových hepatitid. Nejvýznamnější skutečností ale asi je to, že se podařilo pomocí technologií genetického inženýrství vyrobit velmi účinné a bezpečné očkovací látky, jejichž pomocí se lze účinně bránit šíření virové hepatitidy A i B.

V následujícím přehledu se budeme věnovat nejnovějším terapeutickým možnostem chronické infekce HBV a HCV.

Novel therapeutic modalities of chronic viral hepatitis

Chronic viral infection of the liver now represents one of the principal health problems worldwide. This statement is based upon the large number of infected people and the evidence of many cases of liver cirrhosis or possibly primary liver cancer which developed as a direct consequence of a chronic viral infection. The management of patients in the advanced stages of liver disease is a great financial burden. Further indirect costs arise from the inability of these people to continue working. Data reveal that in the USA approximately 2 million people are chronically infected by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 3 million by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic hepatitis B affects 350 million people worldwide, 75% of whom live in Asia. A Hepatitis C virus infection has been detected in about 200 million people. These epidemiological data are obviously alarming.

With regard to these presented facts, it is of no surprise that the field of viral hepatitis belongs to the most dynamically developing areas of study in hepatology. During the last decade we have been witnessing unusually rapid advances in the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of viral hepatitis. As a result of the latest knowledge a significant decline in post-transfusion hepatitis has now been observed. Successful rates in the treatment of viral hepatitis have been rising dramatically. Very efficient and safe vaccines are now available which have been made by the recombinant techniques of genetic engineering and which have had a profound impact on the cessation of the spread of viral hepatitis A and B. In the following review we present the latest therapeutic modalities in the management of chronic infections by HBV and HCV.

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