Interní Med. 2002; 4(6): 18-21

Akutní ischemický iktus: diagnostika a léčba

doc. MUDr. Zbyněk Kalita CSc
Neurologické oddělení, Baťova krajská nemocnice ve Zlíně

Keywords: ischemic stroke, computer tomography, thrombolysis, stroke units, anticoagulant therapy, neuroprotective agents, secondary prevention.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Kalita Z. Akutní ischemický iktus: diagnostika a léčba. Interní Med. 2002;4(6):18-21.

Cévní mozkové příhody jsou urgentním stavem, který vyžaduje neodkladnou diagnostiku typu iktu (vstupní výpočetní tomografie (CT) mozku) s následnou, pokud možno specifickou léčbou. Pro léčbu akutního stavu do 3 hodin od vzniku je nejvýznamnější léčebnou metodou trombolýza u přesně definovaných pacientů. Další možností je léčba antikoagulační, neuroprotektivy, osmoterapie. Přínosné je zahájení léčby na jednotce intenzivní péče (JIP) pro záchyt a léčbu všech komplikací, zejména kardiálních. Nezbytná jsou další opatření, jako je léčba hyperglykémie, teploty, prevence hluboké žilní trombózy a zásady a principy ošetřovatelské péče. V akutní fázi je specifický přístup k léčbě hypertenze, je potřebné včasné zahájení rehabilitace a sekundární medikamentózní prevence.

Acute cerebral ischemia - diagnosis and therapy

Stroke represent an emergency with a need for rapid diagnosis of the stroke type, by means of CT scan on admission, followed by specific therapy if possible. Patients who present within 3 hours of ischemic stroke onset and who meet strictly defined criteria, should be considered for thrombolytic therapy. Other possibilities are anticoagulant therapy, neuroprotective agents and osmotherapy. It is beneficial to initiate the therapy in the intensive care unit for the purpose of rapid diagnosis and for the management of possible complications, which are mainly cardiac. All patients should be monitored and treated for hyperglycaemia and fever and precautionary measures should be implemented for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis. During the acute phase there is a specific approach carried out for the treatment of hypertension. The early initiation of rehabilitation is necessary as well as secondary pharmacotherapeutical prevention.

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