Interní Med. 2002; 4(12): 590-594

Toxické poškození jater - I. díl

prof. MUDr. Marie Brodanová DrSc
I. interní klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha

Keywords: hepatotoxicity, hepatitis-like injury, cholestasis, acetaminophen, therapy of hepatotoxic damage.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Brodanová M. Toxické poškození jater - I. díl. Interní Med. 2002;4(12):590-594.

V okolním prostředí roste počet látek i léků, které jsou buď přímo, nebo potenciálně toxické. Játra jsou hlavním orgánem látkové přeměny v organizmu a hrají hlavní úlohu i v metabolizmu xenobiotik. Musíme tedy počítat s jejich častějším poškozením nejrůznějšími hepatotoxickými látkami. V krátkosti jsou probrány nejdůležitější mechanizmy poškození hepatocytů i žlučovodů. Poškození chemikáliemi jsou uvedena jen v přehledu, hlavní pozornost je věnována nejčastějším polékovým lézím, a to jak formě napodobující zánět jater (hepatititis-like) tak formě cholestatické. Detailněji je probrána intoxikace paracetamolem, neboť s ní se dnes setkáváme častěji. Pozornost je věnována možnostem diagnostickým i terapeutickým.

Toxic damage to the liver

In the environment an increase in the number of substances and drugs, which are either directly or potentially toxic, has been noted. The liver is the major metabolizing organ of the body and is responsible for such processes as the metabolism of xenobiotics. Therefore, the liver is very frequently damaged by various hepatotoxic agents. A brief description of the most important mechanisms of injury to liver cells and bile ducts is offered. Damage by chemicals is only described as a survey, but the main attention is focused on the most common drug lesions, such as those caused by hepatitis and cholestasis. Intoxication by acetaminophen is described in detail, because we may encounter this more frequently. Attention is given to both the diagnostic and therapeutic managements.

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