Interní Med. 2003; 5(1): 6-9

Gynekomasti

MUDr. Jana Heresová CSc1,2, MUDr. Marie Vrzáňová3
1 Endokrinologický ústav, Praha
2 Klinika nukleární medicíny UK 2. LF Praha a FN Motol
3 Interní klinika fakultní nemocnice Motol a 2. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze

Keywords: gynecomastia, oestrogens, therapy.

Published: December 31, 2003  Show citation

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Heresová J, Vrzáňová M. Gynekomasti. Interní Med. 2003;5(1):6-9.

Gynekomastie je hyperplazie mléčné žlázy u muže, etiologie není jednotná. Fyziologicky se gynekomastie vyskytuje neonatálně, v pubertě a v seniu. Významný vliv na vznik gynekomastie mají estrogeny. Hladiny estrogenů stoupají při různých patologických stavech - při poruše funkce a struktury varlat, při poruše gonadotropní sekrece, hyperprolaktinémii. Patologicky se gynekomastie vyskytuje po farmakologickém zásahu do metabolizmu hormonů nebo ovlivněním hormonálních receptorů v cílové tkáni. Lokální hormonální stimulaci významně řídí enzymy, zejména aromatázy, které konvertují testosteron na biologicky aktivní estradiol. Aktivita aromatáz je zpětně regulována estrogeny, změny aktivity však mohou být důsledkem genetické odchylky. Důležitou složkou jsou zevní vlivy, zejména nutriční, stres a další tzv. civilizační faktory, nevyjímaje abúzus některých psychotropních látek. Léčba gynekomastie je konzervativní v aktivní fázi, chirurgická ve stadiu klidovém, tj. fibrózním.

GYNECOMASTIA

Gynecomastia, which is a hyperplasia of the male mammary glands, has several aetiologies. It occurs physiologically during the neonatal period, puberty and old age. Oestrogens significantly influence the development of gynecomastia and the levels of these estrogens increase under various pathologic conditions, such as the impairment of function and structure of testes and secretion of gonadotropins, and in hyperprolactinemia. Pathologic gynecomastia can occur after a pharmacological assault on hormone metabolism or by an non-physiological effect on the hormone receptors in a target tissue. Local hormone stimulation is significantly controlled by enzymes, especially aromatases, which convert testosterone into biologically active oestradiol. The activity of aromatases is negatively regulated by oestrogens, however, changes in this activity could be due to a genetic variant. Extrinsic factors of modern life, such as nutrition, stress and specifically, abuse of some psychotropic substances, can also play an important role. The treatment of gynecomastia is conservative in the active stage, and surgical in the dormant and fibrotic stages.

<sup>1</sup>Endokrinologický ústav, Praha

Klinika nukleární mediciny a endokrinologie 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha <sup>2</sup>Interní klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha

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