Interní Med. 2003; 5(5): 243-249

Arytmogenní dysplazie pravé komory - vzácná, ale nebezpečná kardiomyopatie

MUDr. Dan Marek Ph.D
I. interní klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc

Keywords: arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia, etiopathogenesis, sudden death, arrhythmias, prevention, prophylaxis, therapy.

Published: December 31, 2003  Show citation

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Marek D. Arytmogenní dysplazie pravé komory - vzácná, ale nebezpečná kardiomyopatie. Interní Med. 2003;5(5):243-249.

Arytmogenní dysplazie pravé komory (ARVD) je relativně vzácné onemocnění, jehož podstatou je nahrazování svaloviny pravé (a často i levé) komory tukovou a vazivovou tkání. Pravá komora je dilatovaná, s aneuryzmaty, a má sníženou systolickou funkci. ARVD se může projevit relativně širokou škálou příznaků od palpitací při arytmiích po progresivní srdeční selhání. Často je první manifestací nemoci náhlá srdeční smrt (NSS). Existují však i formy asymptomatické, zjištěné screeningem v příbuzenstvu postižených. Etiopatogenetický řetězec není ještě zcela přesně stanoven, pravděpodobně jde o degenerativní onemocnění myokardu, evidentní jsou jisté genetické mutace, které nesou odpovědnost za téměř endemické rozšíření některých typických nozologických jednotek. Zvažuje se však i možný podíl virové infekce s myokarditidou jako spouštěče některých forem. Diagnóza se opírá o soubor kritérií anamnestických i laboratorních (EKG, echokardiografie, nukleární magnetická rezonance, biopsie). Diagnostika této nebezpečné choroby i její léčba (antiarytmika, katétrová radiofrekvenční ablace, automatický defibrilátor) patří do rukou zkušeného arytmologického pracoviště, nicméně velmi důležité je, aby praktický lékař či internista na tuto chorobu myslel a uměl rozpoznat případné varovné symptomy.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplazia - rare but dangerous cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplazia (ARVD) is a rare disease. Substitution of right ventricle (and often left ventricle) myocardium by fibrous and fatty tissue is a hallmark of this entity. The right ventricle is dilated and aneurysmatic and it´s systolic function is decreased. ARVD could be manifested in a variety of symptoms from palpitations to heart failure. Often the sudden death is a first symptom. There are also asymptomatic forms, revealed by screening in affected families. The etiopathogenetic mechanism is not fully identified yet. Probably it is a degenerative disease, but there are certain genetic mutations, which are responsible for the almost endemic spread of some typical entities. Possible role of viral infection with myocarditis as a trigger of certain pathologic forms is also considered. Diagnosis is based on a number of criteria (patients history, family history and laboratory findings - ECG, echocardiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, biopsy). Diagnostic and therapeutical procedures (antiarrhythmic drugs, radioferquency catheter ablation, automatic cardioverter-defibrillator) in this dangerous disease should be made by an experienced team at the department specialized in arrhythmology. Nevertheless, each general practicioner and internist should keep in mind this disease and should recognise it´s symptoms.

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