Interní Med. 2003; 5(6): 295-300

Zvýšení příjmu mikronutrientu selenu - utopie, fikce, prozřetelnost či nutnost? - I. část

RNDr. Jan Kvíčala CSc
Endokrinologický ústav, Praha

Keywords: selenium, antioxidative effect, immunity, thyroid hormone regulation, human health, selenium intervention, selenium status, serum selenium.

Published: December 31, 2003  Show citation

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Kvíčala J. Zvýšení příjmu mikronutrientu selenu - utopie, fikce, prozřetelnost či nutnost? - I. část. Interní Med. 2003;5(6):295-300.

Do dnešní doby byl shromážděn dostatek pozorování a důkazů o esencialitě u nás poměrně opomíjeného stopového prvku selenu. Selen ve formě selenocysteinu vázaného v proteinech a snad i některých nízkomolekulárních sloučeninách hraje důležitou úlohu v ochraně a regulaci řady dějů v lidském organismu. K jeho zatím nejdůležitějším známým funkcím patří antioxidativní ochrana, vliv na imunitní reakce, eliminace vlivu těžkých kovů a regulace působení thyroideálních hormonů tvorbou a deaktivací aktivního hormonu T3. Těmito, ale možná i dalšími ještě neznámými mechanizmy chrání selen organizmus před tzv. -civilizačními nemocemi-, jako jsou kardiovaskulární choroby (včetně infarktu myokardu a mozkové mrtvice), rakovina, zánětlivá onemocnění či neurodegenerativní onemocnění včetně zpomalení stárnutí. Další poznatky ukazují na roli selenu ve vývoji, na vliv na fertilitu mužů a těhotenství žen, na psychiku a náladu. Při dostatečném stavu selenu v organizmu je snížena exprese virů a zpomalen vývoj AIDS u pacientů s HIV. Nejčastěji užívanými indexy stavu selenu (selen v séru a moči) byl sledován stav zásobení selenem u obyvatel ČR. Značná část obyvatel trpí nedostatkem selenu, který sice není tak katastrofální jako v oblastech postižených epidemiologickým výskytem chorob z nedostatku selenu (Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, myxedematózní kretenizmus), nicméně je jedním z nejhlubších v Evropě i tak známé deficitem selenu.

Increase of Micronutrient Selenium Intake - Dream, Fiction, Providence, Necessity? - part I

Up to now, a large body of evidence has been collected on essentiality of trace element selenium. Selenium in the form of selenocysteine incorporated into proteins and possibly also as some low-molecular compounds plays important roles in various protective and regulatory biochemical pathways and physiological functions of the organism. Antioxidative effect, influence upon immunity, detoxification of heavy metals, and regulation of the thyroid hormone metabolism and functions by activation and deactivation of thyromimetically active hormone T3 are the best known selenium functions. By these and possibly even others not yet known mechanisms prevents selenium many so called -civilization diseases- like cardiovascular diseases (including myocardial infarct and stroke), cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases including slowing the ageing process. Further evidence points its role in development, male fertility and female pregnancy, or psychics and mood. Viral expression is reduced and the progression of AIDS in HIV infected patients is delayed under the condition of sufficient selenium. According the most often used indexes of Se status (blood serum and urine), inhabitants of the Czech Republic suffer from serious Se deficiency, which is not so profound as in the countries with epidemiological diseases occurrence (Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, Myxedematous cretinism) but is worse than in most other European countries, which are known to be selenium-deficient.

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