Interní Med. 2003; 5(11): 535-539

Současný pohled na prevenci bakteriální endokarditidy

MUDr. Petr Heinc Ph.D
I. interní klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc

Keywords: bacterial endocarditis, severity of the underlying heart disease, risk of bacterial endocarditis, prophylaxis.

Published: December 31, 2003  Show citation

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Heinc P. Současný pohled na prevenci bakteriální endokarditidy. Interní Med. 2003;5(11):535-539.

Bakteriální endokarditida vzniká v důsledku bakteriémie při narušení sliznic nebo kůže. K tomu může dojít poraněním, ale především plánovitě při krvácivých výkonech. Riziko bakteriální endokarditidy potvrzuje zvýšený výskyt bakteriální endokarditidy stoupající se závažností základního onemocnění, proto se prevence bakteriální endokarditidy jeví jako racionální opatření. Onemocnění jsou rozdělena na onemocnění s vysokým, zvýšeným a zanedbatelným rizikem pro vznik bakteriální endokarditidy a je rozebrána problematika prolapsu mitrální chlopně. Jsou vyjmenovány výkony v dutině ústní, respiračním traktu, gastrointestinálním traktu, urogenitálním traktu i ostatní výkony, kde je prevence bakteriální endokarditidy doporučována, a naopak výkony, kde se prevence nevyžaduje. Jsou stanoveny všeobecné principy profylaxe a profylaktické antibiotické postupy, které se od sebe liší dle lokalizace potenciálního zdroje bakteriémie. V závěru je zdůrazněn význam echokardiografie ke stanovení rizika vzniku bakteriální endokarditidy a diskutováno optimální vystavení průkazu nemocnému s rizikem vzniku bakteriální endokarditidy.

Prevention of bacterial endocarditis - curent status

Bacterial endocarditis develops in a case of bacteremia resulting from mucosal or skin surface damage. It occurs due to accidental injury, but mostly it is caused by planned medical instrumentation. Risk of bacterial endocarditis increases with severity of the underlying disease and therefore the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis seems to be reasonable. Heart diseases are divided into groups associated with high, mild and negligible risk of bacterial endocarditis, with a special regard to mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Dental, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and other procedures recommended for prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis and procedures not recommended for prophylaxis are pointed out. General prophylactic regimens and specific antibiotics courses according to localization of potential source of bacteremia are postulated. Role of echocardiography for identification of bacterial endocarditis risk is emphasized. To improve the care about such a patient in risk of bacterial endocarditis, issue of identification card seems to be an optimal solution.

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