Interní Med. 2004; 6(1): 10-14
Léčba diabetu inzulinovou pumpou
- doc. MUDr. Alexandra Jirkovská CSc
- Centrum diabetologie IKEM, Praha
Keywords: diabetes, insulin pump, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).
Published: December 31, 2004 Show citation
Jirkovská A. Léčba diabetu inzulinovou pumpou. Interní Med. 2004;6(1):10-14.
Práce pojednává o současném pohledu na léčbu kontinuální infuzí inzulinu (inzulinovou pumpou). Kontrolované studie prokazují, že léčba inzulinovou pumpou u většiny pacientů vede k mírnému zlepšení glykémií a glykovaného hemoglobinu při srovnání s více dávkami inzulinu. Hlavními riziky léčby inzulinovou pumpou mohou být ketoacidóza a kanylová infekce a v některých studiích i váhový přírůstek. Léčba inzulinovou pumpou vede zejména ke zlepšení nočních a ranních glykémií. Automatická regulace bazálních dávek zabraňuje rannímu vzestupu glykémií (dawn fenoménu). Těžké hypoglykémie jsou méně časté než při léčbě více dávkami inzulinu. Léčbu inzulinovou pumpou indikuje podle doporučení České diabetologické společnosti diabetologické centrum u pacientů, u nichž nelze dosáhnout dobré kompenzace ani více dávkami inzulinu. Zdůrazňuje se, že lékaři nemají automaticky předepisovat léčbu inzulinovou pumpou u všech pacientů, kteří si ji přejí nebo kteří jsou špatně kompenzováni. Je racionální vybrat ty pacienty, kteří mohou mít z léčby pumpou skutečný užitek. Úspěšná léčba pumpou vyžaduje od pacienta především motivaci a dobrou spolupráci se zdravotníky, častý selfmonitoring a orientaci v dietě.
TREATMENT OF DIABETES BY INSULIN PUMP
The reviews discuss the up-to date view of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy. Controlled trials show that, in most patients, blood glucose concentrations and glycated hemoglobin are slightly lower on insulin pump versus multiple insulin injections. The main risks of insulin pump therapy are diabetic ketoacidosis and cannula infections, some studies shows slightly increased weight gain. Nocturnal glycaemic control and morning glycaemia are improved. Automatic basal rate changes help to minimize a prebreakfast blood glucose increase (the dawn phenomenon). Severe hypoglycaemia is markedly less frequent than during multiple dose insulin therapy. The insulin pump treatment is indicated according to the consensus guidelines of the Czech Diabetes Society by the diabetes centre in the patients with poor diabetes control in spite of they are treated by multiple injections. It is emphasizes the point that the physicians should not automatically prescribe insulin pumps because a patient-s request it or glucose control is not optimal. It is reasonable to select the diabetic patients who will really benefit from pump usage. Success with insulin pump treatment requires above all motivation and good compliance with health care providers, frequent glucose monitoring and orientation in diet.
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