Interní Med. 2004; 6(3): 120-125

Antikoagulační léčba v ambulantní praxi

MUDr. Debora Karetová, CSc., doc. MUDr. Jan Bultas, CSc

Keywords: thromboembolic disease, low molecular weight heparins, oral anticoagulation, ambulatory treatment and thromboses prevention.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Karetová D, Bultas J, CSc. Antikoagulační léčba v ambulantní praxi. Interní Med. 2004;6(3):120-125.

MUDr. Debora Karetová, CSc., doc. MUDr. Jan Bultas, CSc.

II. interní klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha

Hlavní indikací podání antikoagulační léčby je trombembolická nemoc (TEN) - akutní flebotrombóza (FT) a plicní embolizace (PE). Současně v posledních letech narůstá nutnost podávání antikoagulancií v dalších indikacích, a sice u chronických kardiaků (při poruchách kinetiky levé komory srdeční, zejména v přítomnosti aneuryzmat vyplněných trombem, u těžké systolické dysfunkce komory, po náhradě chlopní, u chronické fibrilace síní), při léčbě akutně vzniklé fibrilace síní kardioverzí, u gravidních (v rámci léčby nebo prevence TEN), dialyzovaných, v prevenci trombózy u onkologických nemocných, u rozsáhlých varikoflebitid a další řady onemocnění (ischemické cévní mozkové příhody apod.). Nízkomolekulární hepariny (LMWH) s následným převedením na warfarin jsou nadále základem léčby. Pokrokem je, že od loňského roku jsou jednoduše k dispozici i v ambulatní praxi a principy antikoagulační terapie tedy musí zvládnout široký okruh specialistů. Článek seznamuje se základními pravidly antikoagulační medikace a úskalími jejího podávání.

Anticoagulant therapy in ambulatory care

Main indication for the anticoagulant therapy is a thromboembolic disease - deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. There is also increasing necessity of anticoagulant administration in other indications in recent years, i.e. in chronic cardiacs (in disturbed kinetics of the left ventricle, particularly in the presence of an thrombus filled aneurysms, the severe left ventricle systolic dysfunction, after a valve replacement, in chronic atrial fibrillation), in the cardioversion as a treatment of acute atrial fibrillation, in pregnant women (as a treatment or a prevention of thromboembolism), in patients on dialysis, in the prevention of thrombosis in oncological patients, in phlebitides of extensive varicosities and in many other patients (e.g. ischemic brain attacks etc.). Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) with subsequent switch to warfarin are still the basic treatment. It is a progress they are simply available since last year even in ambulatory practice, so a wide range of specialists must handle the principles of anticoagulant therapy. Article introduces basic principles of anticoagulant therapy and risks of its administration.

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