Úzkostné poruchy patří mezi nejčastější psychické poruchy vůbec. Velmi často se objevují v praxi všeobecného lékaře a často nejsou identifikované, protože pacient si stěžuje spíše na tělesné projevy než na úzkost, obavy, starosti nebo fobické příznaky. Mezi úzkostné poruchy patří panická porucha, generalizovaná úzkostná porucha, sociální fobie, specifické fobie, smíšená úzkostně depresivní porucha. Léčbou volby je dlouhodobé podávání antidepresiv, zejména ze skupiny SSRI nebo SNRI, nebo specifická psychoterapie. Podávání benzodiazepinu není považované za vhodné.

Anxiety disorders

Anxiety is a nonspecific symptom and its presence and persistence obligates physician to consider and extensive differential diagnosis. Anxiety and panic in the medical setting are often overlooked. Regardless of etiology, anxiety can present with disruption of practically any bodily system. Autonomic overactivation can take either an acute or a chronic form. In the former, alarm (fight or flight) features predominate; in the later, heightened vigilance is the predominant element of the presentation. Some individuals are inclined to more psychological symptoms of anxiety; for others, the somatic symptoms may predominate. There are some types of anxiety disorders which differ with the symptomatology: panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia and mixed anxiety-depression disorder. Pharmacological interventions include the possible use of a variety of agents. High-potency benzodiazepines such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam can alleviate anxiety associated with procedures, assist with sleep, and provide relief in the short-term management of acute stressor but couldn-t been used not for prolonged periods because of tolerance, dependence and withdrawal syndromes in case of discontinuation.

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