Interní Med. 2005; 7(1): 14-16

Současnost a perspektivy léčby perorálními antidiabetiky

MUDr. Zuzana Vlasáková CSc
Centrum diabetologie IKEM, Praha

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, postprandial glucose, insulin resistance, roziglitazone, thiazolidinedione.

Published: December 31, 2005  Show citation

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Vlasáková Z. Současnost a perspektivy léčby perorálními antidiabetiky. Interní Med. 2005;7(1):14-16.

Recentní data prokazují, že kompenzace diabetu je důležitým terapeutickým cílem nejen pro diabetiky 1. typu, ale i pro pacienty s diabetem 2. typu. U většiny diabetiků 2. typu nacházíme jednak poruchu sekrece inzulínu a jednak inzulínovou rezistenci. Porucha sekrece se manifestuje postprandiální hyperglykémií, inzulínová rezistence hyperglykémií nalačno. Postprandiální hyperglykémie je uznávána jako jedna z příčin vaskulárního poškození a rizika kardiovaskulárních komplikací u diabetiků 2. typu. Kombinační léčba perorálními antidiabetiky je vedena snahou překonat nedostatky současné terapie a zasáhnout obě základní poruchy u diabetiků 2. typu. Sulfonylurea, biguanidy a thiazolidindiony ovlivňují zejména lačnou hyperglykémii a jejich vliv na postprandiální hyperglykémii je pouze omezený. Doplnění léčebného spektra pro diabetiky 2. typu o nově vyvinuté léky, ovlivňující časnou fázi sekrece inzulínu a prandiální výkyvy glykémie, tzv. inzulínové senzitizéry, se proto zdá velmi nadějným krokem. Kombinací těchto preparátů s ostatními typy perorálních antidiabetik, např. inzulínovými senzitizéry, by mohlo komplexněji postihnout hlavní defekty účinku inzulínu u diabetu 2. typu. Taková léčba zajišťuje dlouhodobě dobrou kompenzaci a redukuje diabetické i kardiovaskulární komplikace u diabetiků 2. typu.

Present and perspectives of the oral antidiabetics therapy

Recent evidence strongly support the notion that glycaemic control is important therapeutic target not only for Type 1, but also in Type 2 diabetic patients. Most patients with Type 2 present with both stimulated insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In general, the former can manifest as postprandial hyperglycaemia and the latter can manifest as fasting hyperglycaemia. Postprandial hyperglycaemia peaks seem to be prospective determinants of vascular damage and cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. To overcome failures of current therapy and to address the different underlying defects of pathology of Type 2 diabetes, a combined therapy of oral antidiabetic agents such as sulphonylureas, biguanides and thiazolidinediones commonly target fasting hyperglycaemia is used. But such therapy has limited effect on postprandial hyperglycaemia. The development of new agents that affect an early-phase of insulin secretion and glucose excursions could be considered as an additional objective for the management of type 2 diabetes. The combination of such agent with other oral antidiabetic drugs e.g. insulin sensitizers, could target better major underlying defects of Type 2 diabetes. Such therapy provides a long-term effect on good glycaemic control and reducing diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients.

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