Interní Med. 2005; 7(1): 24-26

Kontrastová nefropatie

MUDr. Jana Zahálková Ph.D
III. interní klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc

Keywords: radiocontrast agents, contrast nephropathy, kidney failure, risk factors, oxidant stress, N-acetylcystein.

Published: December 31, 2005  Show citation

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Zahálková J. Kontrastová nefropatie. Interní Med. 2005;7(1):24-26.

Kontrastová nefropatie vzniká jako komplikace intravaskulárního podání radiokontrastní látky vlivem ischemických změn v ledvinách, přímým poškozením proximálního tubulu či obstrukcí tubulu distálního. Projevuje se přechodnou poruchou funkce ledvin. U diabetiků a pacientů s renální nedostatečností či srdečním selháním je riziko vzniku této komplikace vysoké a může vyústit až v akutní selhání ledvin.

Možnosti prevence kontrastové nefropatie jsou omezené. Základní význam má adekvátní hydratace pacientů jeden den před a po rentgenovém vyšetření a použití co nejmenšího množství neionické, hypoosmolární kontrastní látky. Jako nadějné se jeví podávání N-acetylcysteinu, který blokuje vysoký oxidační stres vyvolaný kontrastní látkou a příznivě ovlivňuje intrarenální hemodynamiku.

Contrast nephropathy

Contrast nephropathy develops as a complication of intravascular application of radiocontrast agent due to renal ischemic changes, by direct injury of proximal tubule or obstruction of the distal one. Transient dysfunction of kidneys is demonstrated. In diabetics and patients with renal insufficiency or heart failure the risk of this complication is very high and can lead into acute kidney failure.

Preventive possibilities of contrast nephropathy are limited. Appropriate hydratation one day before and the day following the radiocontrast exam is of main importance and using as small amount of contrast agent as possible, as well. The use of N-acetylcystein blocking the oxidant stress and having a positive effect on renal haemodynamic appears to be effective.

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