Interní Med. 2012; 14(12): 466-469

Notes to treatment inflammatory bowel diseases

MUDr.Karel Lukáš, CSc.
IV. interní klinika VFN a 1. LF UK Praha

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) are chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases that can present as bloody diarrhea, abdominal

pain, and malnutrition. Collectively, these disorders are referred to as inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews current

approaches to the management of patients with UC and CD with aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosupresives and anti-TNF α.

When patient respond to the induction regimen is used maintenance terapie to prevent disease relapse. Surgical treatment is reserved

for patients with persistent symptoms and disease or for the management of complications of the disease. When surgery is necessary,

maintenance medications administered postoperatively will postpone recurrence.

adalimumab.

Keywords: ulcerative colitis, Crohn´s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, azathioprin, infliximab,

Published: January 1, 2013  Show citation

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Lukáš K. Notes to treatment inflammatory bowel diseases. Interní Med. 2012;14(12):466-469.
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    References

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    3. Morrison G, Headon B, Gibson P. Update in inflammatory bowel disease. Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Dec; 38(12): 956-961. Go to PubMed...
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    7. Gearry RB, Ajlouni Y, Nandurkar S, Iser JH, Gibson PR. 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) use in Crohn's disease: A survey of the opinions and practice of Australian gastroenterologists. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 1009-1015. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Nielsen OH, Munck LK. Drug insight: aminosalicylates for the treatment of IBD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Mar; 4(3): 160-170. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Shergill AK, Terdiman JP. Controversies in the treatment of Crohn's disease: The case for an accelerated step-up treatment approach. World J Gastroenterol 2008 May 7; 14(17): 2670-2677. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
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    12. Wolters FL, Russel MG, Sijbrandij J, et al. Phenotype at diagnosis predicts recurrence rates in Crohn's disease. Gut. 2006; 55: 1124-1130. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Bultman E, Kuipers EJ, van der Woude CJ. Systematic review: steroid withdrawal in anti-TNF-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug; 32(3): 313-323. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
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    15. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: a huge review, Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol, 2010; 56(2): 233-243. Go to PubMed...
    16. Louis E, Belaiche J, Reenaers C. Anti-TNF and Crohn's disease: when should we stop? Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Feb; 11(2): 148-151. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Behm BW, Bickston SJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD006893. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
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    21. Orchard, T. NICE guidance for anti tumour necrosis factor therapy in Crohn´s disease: Chat does it mean for the inflammatory bowel disease. Frontline Gastroenterology, October 2010; 1(3): 144-146. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Krygier DS, Ko HH, Bressler B. How to manage difficult Crohn's disease: optimum delivery of anti-TNFs. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 3(4): 407-415. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Szamosi T, Banai J, Lakatos L, et al, Early azathioprine/ biological therapy is associated with decreased risk for first surgery and delays time to surgery but not reoperation in both smokers and nonsmokers with Crohn's disease, while smoking decreases the risk of colectomy in ulcerative colitis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2010; 22(7) 872-879. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Hanauer SB. Positioning biologic agents in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15: 1570-1582. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al. Infliximab, Azathioprine, or Combination Therapy for Crohn's Disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1383-1395. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. D´Haens G, Baert F, van Assche G, et al. Early combined immunosuppression or conventional management in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease: an open randomised trial. Lancet, 23 February 2008; 371(9613), 660-667. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Safety issues with biological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006; 22: 370-376. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Van Assche G Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease: traditional, biological or both? Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2009; 25(4): 323-328. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Oussalah A, Chevaux JB, Fay R, Sandborn WJ, Bigard MA, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Predictors of infliximab failure after azathioprine withdrawal in Crohn's disease treated with combination therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 May; 105(5): 1142-1149. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Lukáš K, Dastych M, Novotný A, Prokopová L, Zbořil V. Dlouhodobá udržovací léčba idiopatických střevních zánětů. Čas Lék čes 2012; 151: 231-242.
    31. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg January 2000; 231: 38-45. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Shivananda S, Hordijk ML, Pena AS, Mayberry JF. Crohn's disease: risk of recurrence and reoperation in a defined population. Gut. 1989 Jul; 30(7): 990-995. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Hellers G. Crohn's disease in Stockholm county 1955-1974. A study of epidemiology, results of surgical treatment and long-term prognosis. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1979; 490: 1-84. Go to PubMed...
    34. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Disease activity courses in a regional cohort of Crohn's disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995 Jul; 30(7): 699-706. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease: re-evaluation of the diagnosis in a prospective population based study in south eastern Norway. Gut. 1997 Mar; 40(3): 328-332. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH, et al. Clinical course during the 1st year after diagnosis in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Results of a large, prospective population-based study in southeastern Norway, 1990-93. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Oct; 32(10): 1005-1012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Witte J, Shivananda S, Lennard-Jones JE, et al. Disease outcome in inflammatory bowel disease: mortality, morbidity and therapeutic management of a 796-person inception cohort in the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD). Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec; 35(12): 1272-1277. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and recurrence in 907 patients with primary ileocaecal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 2000 Dec; 87(12): 1697-1701. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Shivananda S, Hordijk ML, Pena AS, Mayberry JF. Crohn's disease: risk of recurrence and reoperation in a defined population. Gut. 1989 Jul; 30(7): 990-995. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, et al. Natural history of recurrent Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery. Gut 1984; 25: 665-672. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Borley NR, Mortensen NJ, Jewell DP. Preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 1493-1502. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Cottone M, Orlando A, Viscido A, Calabrese E, Camm? C, Cas? A. Review article: prevention of postsurgical relapse and recurrence in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jun; 17(Suppl 2): 38-42. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Allez M, Lemann M. Role of endoscopy in predicting the disease course in inflammatory bowel disease World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(21): 2626-2632.
    44. Hulten L. Surgical management and strategy in classical. Crohn's disease. Int Surg 1992; 77: 2-8. Go to PubMed...
    45. Hulten LA. Long-term follow-up in Crohn's disease. World J Surg 1988; 12: 180-185. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Hulten L. Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease of the small bowel or ileocecum. World J Surg 1988; 12: 185-188. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Aratari A, Papi C, Leandro G, Viscido A, Capurso L, Caprilli R. Early versus late surgery for ileo-caecal Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Nov 15; 26(10): 1303-1312. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Onali S. Frequency, pattern, and risk factors of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease after resection different from ileo-colonic. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Feb; 13(2): 246-252. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Unkart JT. Risk factors for surgical recurrence after ileocolic resection of Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008; 51(8): 1211-1216. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Sorrentino D, Paviotti A, Fiorino G. Anti-TNF's for postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: the if's and how's. Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Feb; 11(2): 219-226. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. Unkart JT, Anderson L, Li E. Risk factors for surgical recurrence after ileocolic resection of Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Aug; 51(8): 1211-1216. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. Regueiro M, Schraut W, Baidoo L, Kip KE, Sepulveda AR, Pesci M, Harrison J, Plevy SE. Infliximab prevents Crohn's disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology. 2009 Feb; 136(2): 441-450. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis S, Surace R, Ashman O. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using fecal bacteriotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Jul; 37(1): 42-47. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis SM, Surace R, Ashman O, Siarakas S. Bacteriotherapy using fecal flora: toying with human motions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul; 38(6): 475-483. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Trusov VV, Oreshkov TM: Therapeutic effect of MMSC1 (vitamin U) on gastric and intestinal function in the treatment of patients with chronic gastritis. Sovetskaia meditsina 1974; 8(0): 121-124.
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    57. Hang L, et al. Heligmosomoides polygyrus Infection Can Inhibit Colitis through Direct Interaction with Innate Immunity. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 15; 185(6): 3184-3189. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    58. Rahimi R, Shams-Ardekani MR, Abdollahi M. A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for IBD. World J Gastroenterol 2010 September 28; 16(36): 4504-4514. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. Gearry RB, Richardson A, Frampton CM, et al. High incidence of Crohn's disease in Canterbury, New Zealand: results of an epidemiologic study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Oct; 12(10): 936-943. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
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    62. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Lémann M. Review article: remission rates achievable by current therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33(8): 870-879. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    63. Prantera C, Scribano ML. Which type of treatment is advisable in the prevention of recurrence after surgery in Crohn's disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Oct; 14(Suppl 2): S277-278. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    64. Morrison G, Headon B, Gibson P. Update in inflammatory bowel disease. Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Dec; 38(12): 956-961. Go to PubMed...
    65. Triantafillidis JK, Merikas E, Georgopoulos F. Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Design, Development Therapy. 2011: 5 185-210. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    66. Engel MA, Neurath MF. New pathophysiological insights and modern treatment of IBD. J. Gastroenterol. 2010; 45: 571-583. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    67. Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SPL. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004; 53(Suppl V): V1-V6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    68. Gearry RB, Ajlouni Y, Nandurkar S, Iser JH, Gibson PR. 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) use in Crohn's disease: A survey of the opinions and practice of Australian gastroenterologists. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 1009-1015. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    69. Nielsen OH, Munck LK. Drug insight: aminosalicylates for the treatment of IBD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Mar; 4(3): 160-170. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    70. Shergill AK, Terdiman JP. Controversies in the treatment of Crohn's disease: The case for an accelerated step-up treatment approach. World J Gastroenterol 2008 May 7; 14(17): 2670-2677. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    71. Etchevers MJ, Ordás I, Ricart E. Optimizing the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Crohn's disease: a practical approach. Drugs. 2010; 70(2): 109-120. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    72. Oldenburg B, Hommes D. Biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gatsroenterol. 2007; 23: 395-399. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    73. Wolters FL, Russel MG, Sijbrandij J, et al. Phenotype at diagnosis predicts recurrence rates in Crohn's disease. Gut. 2006; 55: 1124-1130. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    74. Bultman E, Kuipers EJ, van der Woude CJ. Systematic review: steroid withdrawal in anti-TNF-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug; 32(3): 313-323. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    75. Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Poggioli G, et al. Oral budesonide in the treatment of chronic refractory pouchitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 25(10): 1231-1236. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    76. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: a huge review, Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol, 2010; 56(2): 233-243. Go to PubMed...
    77. Louis E, Belaiche J, Reenaers C. Anti-TNF and Crohn's disease: when should we stop? Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Feb; 11(2): 148-151. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    78. Behm BW, Bickston SJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD006893. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    79. Triantafillidis JK, Mantzaris G, Karagiannis J, et al. Similar response to adalimumab in patients with active Crohn's disease either naive to biologic agents or with prior loss of response or intolerance to infliximab. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2010; 114(1): 85-90. Go to PubMed...
    80. Loftus EV, Pan X, Zurawski P, et al. Patterns and predictors of dosage increase in patients treated with adalimumab for Crohn's disease in the United States. J Crohns Col. 2009; 3(4): S 7. Go to original source...
    81. Schmidt KJ, Büning J, Jankowiak C, Lehnert H, Fellermann K. Crohn's targeted therapy: myth or real goal? Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2009 Dec; 6(4): 290-298. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    82. Orchard, T. NICE guidance for anti tumour necrosis factor therapy in Crohn´s disease: Chat does it mean for the inflammatory bowel disease. Frontline Gastroenterology, October 2010; 1(3): 144-146. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    83. Krygier DS, Ko HH, Bressler B. How to manage difficult Crohn's disease: optimum delivery of anti-TNFs. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 3(4): 407-415. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    84. Szamosi T, Banai J, Lakatos L, et al, Early azathioprine/ biological therapy is associated with decreased risk for first surgery and delays time to surgery but not reoperation in both smokers and nonsmokers with Crohn's disease, while smoking decreases the risk of colectomy in ulcerative colitis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2010; 22(7) 872-879. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    85. Hanauer SB. Positioning biologic agents in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15: 1570-1582. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    86. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al. Infliximab, Azathioprine, or Combination Therapy for Crohn's Disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1383-1395. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    87. D´Haens G, Baert F, van Assche G, et al. Early combined immunosuppression or conventional management in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease: an open randomised trial. Lancet, 23 February 2008; 371(9613), 660-667. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    88. Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Safety issues with biological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006; 22: 370-376. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    89. Van Assche G Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease: traditional, biological or both? Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2009; 25(4): 323-328. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    90. Oussalah A, Chevaux JB, Fay R, Sandborn WJ, Bigard MA, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Predictors of infliximab failure after azathioprine withdrawal in Crohn's disease treated with combination therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 May; 105(5): 1142-1149. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    91. Lukáš K, Dastych M, Novotný A, Prokopová L, Zbořil V. Dlouhodobá udržovací léčba idiopatických střevních zánětů. Čas Lék čes 2012; 151: 231-242.
    92. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg January 2000; 231: 38-45. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    93. Shivananda S, Hordijk ML, Pena AS, Mayberry JF. Crohn's disease: risk of recurrence and reoperation in a defined population. Gut. 1989 Jul; 30(7): 990-995. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    94. Hellers G. Crohn's disease in Stockholm county 1955-1974. A study of epidemiology, results of surgical treatment and long-term prognosis. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1979; 490: 1-84. Go to PubMed...
    95. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Disease activity courses in a regional cohort of Crohn's disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995 Jul; 30(7): 699-706. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    96. Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease: re-evaluation of the diagnosis in a prospective population based study in south eastern Norway. Gut. 1997 Mar; 40(3): 328-332. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    97. Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH, et al. Clinical course during the 1st year after diagnosis in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Results of a large, prospective population-based study in southeastern Norway, 1990-93. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Oct; 32(10): 1005-1012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    98. Witte J, Shivananda S, Lennard-Jones JE, et al. Disease outcome in inflammatory bowel disease: mortality, morbidity and therapeutic management of a 796-person inception cohort in the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD). Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec; 35(12): 1272-1277. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    99. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and recurrence in 907 patients with primary ileocaecal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 2000 Dec; 87(12): 1697-1701. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    100. Shivananda S, Hordijk ML, Pena AS, Mayberry JF. Crohn's disease: risk of recurrence and reoperation in a defined population. Gut. 1989 Jul; 30(7): 990-995. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    101. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, et al. Natural history of recurrent Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery. Gut 1984; 25: 665-672. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    102. Borley NR, Mortensen NJ, Jewell DP. Preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 1493-1502. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    103. Cottone M, Orlando A, Viscido A, Calabrese E, Camm? C, Cas? A. Review article: prevention of postsurgical relapse and recurrence in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jun; 17(Suppl 2): 38-42. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    104. Allez M, Lemann M. Role of endoscopy in predicting the disease course in inflammatory bowel disease World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(21): 2626-2632.
    105. Hulten L. Surgical management and strategy in classical. Crohn's disease. Int Surg 1992; 77: 2-8. Go to PubMed...
    106. Hulten LA. Long-term follow-up in Crohn's disease. World J Surg 1988; 12: 180-185. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    107. Hulten L. Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease of the small bowel or ileocecum. World J Surg 1988; 12: 185-188. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    108. Aratari A, Papi C, Leandro G, Viscido A, Capurso L, Caprilli R. Early versus late surgery for ileo-caecal Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Nov 15; 26(10): 1303-1312. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    109. Onali S. Frequency, pattern, and risk factors of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease after resection different from ileo-colonic. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Feb; 13(2): 246-252. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    110. Unkart JT. Risk factors for surgical recurrence after ileocolic resection of Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008; 51(8): 1211-1216. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    111. Sorrentino D, Paviotti A, Fiorino G. Anti-TNF's for postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: the if's and how's. Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Feb; 11(2): 219-226. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    112. Unkart JT, Anderson L, Li E. Risk factors for surgical recurrence after ileocolic resection of Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Aug; 51(8): 1211-1216. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    113. Regueiro M, Schraut W, Baidoo L, Kip KE, Sepulveda AR, Pesci M, Harrison J, Plevy SE. Infliximab prevents Crohn's disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology. 2009 Feb; 136(2): 441-450. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    114. Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis S, Surace R, Ashman O. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using fecal bacteriotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Jul; 37(1): 42-47. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    115. Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis SM, Surace R, Ashman O, Siarakas S. Bacteriotherapy using fecal flora: toying with human motions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul; 38(6): 475-483. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    116. Trusov VV, Oreshkov TM: Therapeutic effect of MMSC1 (vitamin U) on gastric and intestinal function in the treatment of patients with chronic gastritis. Sovetskaia meditsina 1974; 8(0): 121-124.
    117. Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JF Jr, Thompson RA, Weinstock JV. Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2005; 128(4): 825-832. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    118. Hang L, et al. Heligmosomoides polygyrus Infection Can Inhibit Colitis through Direct Interaction with Innate Immunity. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 15; 185(6): 3184-3189. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    119. Rahimi R, Shams-Ardekani MR, Abdollahi M. A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for IBD. World J Gastroenterol 2010 September 28; 16(36): 4504-4514. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    120. Gearry RB, Richardson A, Frampton CM, et al. High incidence of Crohn's disease in Canterbury, New Zealand: results of an epidemiologic study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Oct; 12(10): 936-943. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    121. Access Economics. www.crohnsandcolitis.com.au.
    122. Less CW, Ali AI, Thompson AI, et al. The safety profile of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice: analysis of 620 patient-years follow-up. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 286-297. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

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    Internal Medicine for Practice

    Madam, Sir,
    please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
    Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

    I declare:

    1. that I have met the above instruction
    2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited

    No
    Yes

    If your statement is not true, please be aware
    that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.