Chronic myeloid and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Incidence of chronic myeloid (CML) and B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) remain about the same but their prevalence has been

steadily increasing due to the success of modern treatment in recent period. Diagnostics is based in both conditions upon the results of

full blood count, immunophenotyping (in B-CLL and blastic phase of CML only) and cytogenetic examination that serves for confirmation

of diagnosis of CML, however, in B-CLL is needed for actual risk assessment. Prognosis of patients with CML has been dramatically

improved after introduction of imatinib and second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors so hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is

indicated only in cases of targeted treatment failure, importance of individually indicated intensive combined immunochemotherapy

that enables achievement of molecular responses significantly prolonging progression-free survival of patients has been shown in B-CLL.

There is no doubt that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has curative potential in young patients with B-CLL without

sufficient response to immunochemotherapy and in patients with cytogenetically proven deletion 17p associated with very poor prognosis.

Due to the complex problems associated with diagnostics, prognostic assessment and individualization of treatment management

of all patients with CML and selected younger patients with B-CLL was restricted in the Czech Republic to transplant centers.

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Keywords: chronic myeloid leukemia, B chronic lymphocytic leukemia, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, rituximab, immunochemotherapy,