Internal Medicine for Practice, 2008, issue 1

Editorial

Pár postřehů z lázní

Ing. Irena Gladišová

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 3

Review articles

The most frequent cause of cough and its treatment

MUDr. Hana Fojtů

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 7-10

Cough belongs to the most important defense mechanisms, but it is also a frequent symptom of many diseases even serious ones. The article describes the most frequent causes of cough, basic differential diagnostic algorithms and treatment options.

Nonpharmacological treatment modalities in atrial fibrillation management

MUDr. Jan Galuszka Ph.D

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 11-14

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is cardiac arrhythmia with epidemiological and clinical importance together with variability of different clinical situations. The reasonable use of diagnostic procedures and therapies should be provided according to guidelines for its management published by cardiological societies. Pharmacological treatment modalities of AF were described in the preceding part of the article. This closing part of the paper is focused on direct-current cardioversion of AF, catheter-based ablation techniques, cardiac pacing and cardiosurgery. Therapy of AF in special considerations: postoperative status, acute myocardial infarction, preexcitation,...

Oral agents

prof. MUDr. Jindřiška Perušičová DrSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 15-18

One of the most important changes in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with oral agents are „New guidelines for DM type 2“, which were prepared of IDF, EASD and ADA. Treatment strategy is changing with emphasis on the early starting of farmacological treatment with metformin as an agent of „first choice“. Besides 5 groups of oral agents we have at present 6. group – gliptines, a representative of a new incretin strategy of treatment type 2 diabetes mellitus. We require besides a hypoglycemic effect of oral agents also other their abilities: longacting and permanent effect, not increasing body...

Cholelithiasis

prof. MUDr. Jiří Ehrmann CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 19-24

Gallstones, cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis are a common and costly health problem in the world. The prevalence of gallstones is approximately 10 % and increases with age in all racial groups. The description of the principles of cholesterol solubility and cholesterol supersaturation was fundamental for understanding of a cholesterol gallstone formation. The prevalence of cholesterol or mixed gallstones ranges around 90 % or 10 % of pigment gallstones respectively. Asymptomatic cholelithiasis ranges from 30 to 70 %. The typical symptoms of gallstones are biliary indigestion and biliary colic, on the other hand cholecystitis and cholangitis...

Rationale antibiotic therapy with a focus on the newest antibiotic

doc. MUDr. Václav. Dostál

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 26-30

Global situation forces experts to think about worsening situation in the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. Antibiotic resistance increases in hospital and community pathogens both in systemic and local antibiotics. It is an interdisciplinary problem. An inappropriate antibiotic therapy causes a risk of antimicrobial resistance, drug toxicity and other complications of therapy. A preservation of antibiotic efficacy in future is determined by a rationale approach o anti-infective therapy and requires with a small number of exceptions a thorough patient examination. A team of specialists with a leading role of infectious diseases specialist should participate...

Infection caused by Varicella-zoster virus and its therapy

doc. MUDr. Drahomíra Bartošová CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 31-34

Herpes zoster (shingles) is an inflammatory disease of spinal ganglia and posterior medullar roots or cranial nerves that is cause by reactivation of herpetic Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). First infection with the virus manifests most frequently in childhood as a generalized eruption of typical exanthema – varicella (chicken pox). Shingles presents with typical skin eruption in corresponding involved dermatomes and algic syndrome mainly in predisposed individuals, who are mainly older adult people and especially immunocompromised and oncology patients. The infection causes long-term or persistent sequelae quite frequently in the form of postherpetic...

Case report

Recidivující synkopa u pacienta s plicní embolií

MUDr. Tomáš Drbohlav

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 39-40

Interdisciplinary overviews

Depression in elderly

MUDr. Radim Kubínek, doc. MUDr. Vladimír Pidrman Ph.D

Interní Med. 2008; 10(1): 36-38

The article discusses depression in elderly as serious interdisciplinar disorder. Basic etiological factors and symptomatological differencies of the depression in elderly are mentioned as well. The possibility of improved diagnostic is reflected in the intence of interdisciplinary cooperation. The article discusses optimal treatment. The specific pharmacoterapeutics aspects, new knowledge of the possibilities and limits of antidepressants are described.