O nových nemocech z povolání

prof. MUDr. Petr Brhel, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 323  

Managing acute bronchitis

MUDr.Norbert Pauk, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 327-328  

Acute bronchitis is a very frequent diagnosis; however, other acute and chronic respiratory diseases may often be masked by it. Recurrent acute bronchitis should always be a reason for a thorough examination of the respiratory tract including lung function testing. A number of congenital disorders (cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia, immunodeficiency) can thus be revealed that may have gone undetected in childhood. Common diagnoses after a thorough check-up include early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchial asthma.

Vitamin D and frailty

prof.MUDr.Hana Matějovská Kubešová, CSc., MUDr.Jana Tůmová, MUDr.Vlasta Polcarová, MUDr.Hana Meluzínová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 329-333  

Frailty syndrome comprises not only emerging fractures caused by instability and falls, but complex of pathologies as frequent organ decompensations, infective complications, psychical problems and rapid cognitive decline accelerating the appearance of disability and dependency of seniors. Vitamin D as one of liposolubile vitamins was related to children age and skeleton at the clinical practice until now. There is lot of new information considering rather more complicated connection of vitamin D into many functions of human body during last years. This review shows actual information about relationship between vitamin D and organ systems and...

Microelements in senior citizens

MUDr.Božena Jurašková, Ph.D., MUDr.Petra Hegerová, doc.MUDr.Iva Holmerová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 334-336  

The authors try to describe the role of microelements in senior citizens, causes and consequences of thein deficiency. Trace elements play an important role in the body in a series of biochemical, immunological processes. Thein deficienty cause damane leading to deterioration not only the existing pathological processes in old age, but the cause of other, equally important for the aging organism.

What new drugs to expect in treating dyslipidaemia?

MUDr.Michal Vrablík, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 337-339  

At present, hypolipidaemic treatment is an essential strategy to reduce the risk of a cardiovascular event. By combining treatments, this risk can be reduced beyond the possibilities of monotherapy in some cases. Still, a number of patients fail to achieve a desirable reduction in atherogenic serum lipids even despite using all available treatment options. Intensive research is currently under way and a number of new drugs affecting the levels of LDL-cholesterol (mipomersen, eprotirome, PCSK-9 inhibitors), HDL-cholesterol (CETP inhibitors, apoA1 analogue) or triglycerides (all the above-mentioned drugs and MTP inhibitors) are in the phase of...

Diarrhoea as a side effect of drug therapy

MUDr.Jindra Lochmannová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 340-342  

The article defined diarrhea, the etiopathogenetic classification, there is described a clinical picture of diarrheal disease and potential complications, issues of diagnosis and therapy of diarrhea. Particular attention is paid to the issue of diarrhea as a side effect of drugs, are the most common agents causing diarrhea. Furthermore above is mentioned issue of polypharmacy in elderly patients and its impact on diarrheal diseases.

Immunostimulating therapy, its risks, benefits, and current possibilities

MUDr.Mgr.Jitka Petanová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 343-346  

Immunostimulating therapy is one of the immunointervention possibilities in patients. The indications for its use are recurrent infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The aim of the immunostimulation is to increase the functions of innate and specific immunity and to enhance patient´s immune response. Immunostimulating therapy is based on the use of different immunostimulating agents. This therapy has some risks but it is possible to prevent them.

Acute polymyositis - a cause of febrile condition in a 74-year-old man

MUDr.Peter Kružliak, MUDr.Marta Chamulová, MUDr.Katarína Žuchová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 350-352  

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis fall into the group of immunogenic (autoimmune-induced) idiopathic myositides. They occur as independent forms, in combination with other autoimmune diseases or in combination with malignant diseases. To early establish the correct diagnosis is of major importance in these conditions because, in adults as well as in children, they represent the largest group of acquired myopathies that are potentially well treatable. Early diagnosis of polymyositis and the choice of adequate, optimal therapeutic approach are the decisive factors that affect the prognosis of the condition. The authors describe a clinical case...

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome - Wilkie´s syndrome

MUDr.Lucie Válková

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 353-354  

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA sy) or the Wilkie‘s syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by a compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). This article presents the case of the 52-years old woman with abdominal pain, early satiety, epigastric fullness, nausea, vomiting of partially digested food, and 12 kg weight loss over 12 months.

The MOTUDI study - influencing weight with insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes patients in the Czech Republic

prof.MUDr.Jindřiška Perušičová, DrSc.a studijní skupina

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 355-359  

Insulin is still considered to be the most effective treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, concerns still remain about gaining weight in association to insulin therapy. In our retrospective survey of 189 patients (105 women and 84 men) with T2DM who were commenced on insulin therapy for poor diabetes control, we looked at the development of their weight and glycated haemoglobin in the first years after switching to insulin. The mean age at diabetes diagnosis in our cohort was 50.7 years and the mean time from manifest diabetes to initiation of insulin therapy was 9.7 years. The patients increased their weight from...

Fats in food and their nutritional evaluation

prof.Ing.Jana Dostálová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 347-349  

Fats represent one from three main nutrients. They are source of energy and some essential factors – essential fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants and further protective substances. They have important influence on sensory properties food and dishes. High fat intake (more than 35 % of total energy intake) and unsuitable composition of its fatty acids (high content of saturated and trans-unsaturated fatty acids) are reason of many non-communicable diseases e.g. cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, some cancers etc. Contents of fat and its fatty acids composition differ in various types of food. Fats of plant origin, with...

How to manage pain quickly

MUDr.Pavlína Nosková

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 360-364  

Rational treatment management of acute pain enable to prevent chronicity transition. The key is use of all available pharmacotherapy methods in already common pain caused by locomotive apparatus, headache, teeth, dysmenorhea etc., and with regard to safety and possible adverse events of analgetics. Lack of information in patients in OTC products, mainly in non-steroid antirevmatics leads to its abusus, avoidable hospitalization, and sometime even to death. Principles of pain treatment are available, and regularly updated in Methodology guidelines for pain treatment SSLB.

Autodidaktický test 8/2011

Interní Med. 2011; 13(9): 365-366