Hrdinství a ctnosti (nejen) v lékařské profesi

doc. PhDr. Marek Preiss, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 403  

Lipid-lowering therapy in acute coronary syndrome

doc.MUDr.Petr Ošťádal, Ph.D., FESC

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 406-411  

The most frequent mechanism of the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is fissuring or rupture of a coronary atherosclerotic plaque, leading to intra-luminal thrombus formation with subsequent coronary artery obstruction. It remains questionable whether cholesterol lowering may directly influence these pathogenic pathways; there is, however, a class among lipid-lowering drugs, with clear evidence of its favorable effects in ACS patients – statins. In addition to their lipid-lowering effect, statins also suppress inflammation, improve endothelial dysfunction, inhibit oxidative stress, or increase myocardial tolerance to acute...

Metabolic syndrome, its prediction and prevention

MUDr.Šárka Svobodová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Ondřej Topolčan, CSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 412-414  

Metabolic syndrome has been associated with significantly higher risks for accelerated atherosclerosis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. These risks can be detected using individual parameters of metabolic syndrome. For primary prevention risk should not be estimated based only on the traditional risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol serum level and smoking), but also using new metabolic biomarkers. New trends of personalized medicine are currently based only on the clinical factors. Neither risk genes detection nor metabolic factors assessment has been currently used.

Adherence to hypertension treatment: will new drug dosage forms help?

doc.MUDr.Michal Vrablík, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 415-418  

Adherence to treatment has recently been repeatedly mentioned as a prerequisite for treatment success. Ways to increase adherence include motivation and proper education of patients about the necessity to comply with the recommended therapeutic regimen and making them acquainted with the consequences of non-adherent behaviour. Rationalization of pharmacotherapy and simplification of therapeutic regimens have become essential in strategies to increase adherence. Another option is represented by new drug dosage forms that increase bioavailability of drugs, reduce variability in absorption, and thus allow achievement of more stable drug levels....

Hypercalcaemia in praktice

prof.MUDr.Ivana Žofková, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 419-421  

In this review foundamental physiological and pathophysiological aspects of clacaemia regulation are mentioned. Syptomatology, consequences and treatment of hypercalcaemia, incl. hypercalcaemic cisis, are discussed. Attention is focused on primary hyperparathyroidism, which is, together with malignant diseases, the most frequent cause of hypercalcaemia (90 %). In diferential diagnosis malignant and granulomatous diseases, renal failure, endocrinopathies, effect of drugs or immobilization and benign familiar hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (caused by inactivation mutation in calcium – sensing receptor gene) are necessary to exclude. At the...

Uncommon complication of primary aldosteronism

doc.MUDr.Robert Holaj, CSc., MBA, MUDr.Branislav Štrauch, Ph.D., MUDr.Jaroslav Hlubocký, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Jiří Widimský jr., CSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 429-431  

The primary aldosteronism is a frequent cause of secondary hypertension and its diagnosis should be considered in all patients with moderate to severe hypertension where low potassium level was found. Cardiovascular complications occurre more often in these patients in comparison those with the essential hypertension. The authors present a case of an annulo-aortic ectasia and the small dorsal wall chronic aortic roof dissection in 56-years old man with the primary aldosteronism and severe hypertension. The patient underwent successful cardiosurgery. The aortic roof remodelling and aortic valve plasty was performed. Nevertheless, the ascending...

Pre-op examination and preparation of the surgical patient

MUDr.Martin Blažek, Ph.D., MUDr.Eduard Havel, Ph.D., MUDr.Eva Bělobrádková

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 422-428  

In the list we discuss an appreciation of the condition of the patient due to elective noncardiac surgery and an optimal range of preoperative examinations before surgical performance. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the factors which were demonstrated to increase the operational risk, and consequently access to preoperative preparation of our patients.

Haemophilia

MUDr.Petr Smejkal, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 432-436  

Hemophilia is a rare hereditary disease with incidence of about 1 patient per 10 000 inhabitants. Caring for these patients is costly and is most effectively provided by specialized haemophilia centers. However every physician may encounter these patients in an acute situation or solve their chronic problems.

Struktura kosti, léčba osteoporózy a hojení zlomenin

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 441-442  

Sjögrenův syndrom.

MUDr.Radka Svobodová

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 443-446  

Systemic connective tissue diseases and their complications Systemic connective tissue diseases are chronic conditions that, in addition to the musculoskeletal system (joints, tendons, and muscles), can affect numerous other organs, including the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, nervous system, eyes, and digestive tract. They include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, myositis, Sjögren’s syndrome, vasculitides and others. In the early period of the disease, complications most often arise that are related to the degree of organ involvement; in the late period, they develop as a result of long-term organ...

Meat of common carp with increased omega 3 fatty acids content as a tool for prevention and rehabilitation

Ing.Tomáš Zajíc, Ing.Jan Mráz, Ph.D., doc.Ing.Pavel Kozák, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Věra Adámková, CSc., prof.RNDr.Jana Picková, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(11): 437-440  

of cardiovascular diseases The Czech Republic is one of the leading countries with a top possitions in mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among other the influence of diet is large in populations. Amouns as well as quality of fish consumption is one way to mitigate this trend. Intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids (LCPUFA), which are present mainly in fish, has beneficial effects on plasma lipid parameters, such as low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). A clinical study on subjects after major cardiac revascularization surgery has been...