Předsevzetí

PhDr. Mgr. Jeroným Klimeš, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 531  

Prehypertension - a new disease?

MUDr.David Karásek, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Helena Vaverková, CSc., doc.MUDr.Zdeněk Fryšák, CSc.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 536-538  

Prehypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure 120 to 139 or diastolic blood pressure 80 to 89 mm Hg, based on two or more properly measured blood pressure readings on each of two or more office visits. The prevalence of prehypertension and of hypertension is approximately the same in common population. Prehypertesion is associated with other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Non-pharmacological intervention (dietary intervention, reduced sodium and alcohol intake, weight loss, regular physical activity) is recommended for all people with prehypertension. Pharmacological...

Mucoactive medication in clinical management of pulmonary disorders

MUDr.Vladimír Koblížek, MUDr.Vratislav Sedlák, Šárka Prachařová

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 539-543  

The production and clearance of respiratory mucus is a critical defence mechanism of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Mucus retention is usually due to a combination of hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance. Over the years, a diverse terminology has been used to describe „mucoactive medication“. Some of these terms include expectorants, mucolytic, mucus mobilizers, mucus regulators, mucus modifiers or mucociliary enhancers. Mucoactive drug is the general term for medication used to increase secretion removal or reduce mucus hypersecretion. Expectorants enhance the volume or hydratation of respiratory secretions....

Risk factors and prevention of the venous thromboembolism

MUDr.Dalibor Musil, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 544-548  

Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading cause of death in industrial countries. The article describes risk factors of the venous thromboembolism in different fields of medicine and shows the possibilities of its prevention.

Changing views on dietary fats

MUDr.Pavel Dlouhý, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Michal Anděl, CSc.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 549-551  

The authors compare the effects of different groups of fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, PUFA and TFA) in organism. The submitted article includes recent recommendations for dietary fat intake and short review of fatty acids content in various animal fats and vegetable oils. The changes in content of TFA in margarines, shortenings and other foodstuffs are discussed.

Pain treatment in osteoarthritis

MUDr.Marta Olejárová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 552-557  

Joint pain is the most serious symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) which needs to be paid enough attention to in the clinical practice since it is this symptom that significantly affects the functional capacity as well as quality of life of OA patients. The pain in OA can be managed nonpharmacologically (education, lifestyle modifications, regular exercise, physiotherapy, supportive and orthopaedic devices) or with pharmacotherapy. Paracetamol remains the analgesic of choice; given their toxicity, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated as second-choice analgesics. Particular caution must be taken in persons with an increased gastrointestinal...

Gastrointestinal polypous syndromes

MUDr.Přemysl Falt, MUDr.Petr Fojtík, MUDr.Martin Kliment

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 558-560  

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most frequent neoplastic diseases. In about 5 % of patients, it is caused by genetically defined syndromes. Familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer are the most important ones. Polypous syndromes are characterised by the development of numerous polyps of the colorectal mucosa but also of another parts of the digestive tract. From a histological point of view polyps are either premalignant adenomas or hamartomas with low risk of malignant transformation. However, hamartomatous syndromes are associated with increased risk for extraintestinal tumors.

Nutrition and secondary osteoporosis

MUDr.Petr Fojtík, MUDr.Ondřej Urban, MUDr.Přemysl Falt, MUDr.Pavel Novosad

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 561-568  

Nutrition has a significant impact on bone health throughout life. Proper nutritional status is essential for bone mass growth in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, it is necessary for maintaining the bone mass during the life. An adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K is essential in the treatment of osteoporosis. Recently, the positive effect of vitamin K2 on osteokalcin has been discovered. Additionally, the impact of proteins, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins and other trace elements on bone metabolism has been conformed. Secondary osteoporosis is more frequent than expected, with the prevalence of 30–60 % in men and 50...

Hormonal contraception - news, benefits, risks, new medication

MUDr.Hana Hrušková

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 569-572  

The article overviews hormonal contraception remedies that are currently available on the Czech market and reviews their counter-indications, non-contraception benefits and risks.

Age-related macular degeneration, medication with the focus on biological therapy

MUDr.Zora Dubská, CSc.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 573-578  

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe central visual acuity loss in 1 or both eyes in people over 50 years of age. The risk of AMD increases with age.

Warts - everlasting problem and what with them

MUDr.Milena Jirásková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 579-580  

Warts are viral affection and they are aged problem in the whole population. In this article we can show various forms of these diseases and the possibilities of their therapy.

Autodidaktický test 11/2009

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Interní Med. 2009; 11(12): 582