Imunologie třetího tisíciletí - je dnešní imunita jiná?

MUDr. Jaroslava Braunová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 231  

Current oral antidiabetic therapy

MUDr.Zuzana Vlasáková, CSc., prof.MUDr.Terezie Pelikánová, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 236-240  

To address the different underlying defects of pathology of type 2 diabetes, a combined therapy of oral antidiabetic agents is essential. The development of new agents that affect insulin secretion, alpha cell dysfunction, hepatic glucose overproduction and slow down the progression of beta cell failure, could be considered as an additional objective for the management of diabetes. The early and adequate combination therapy could provide a long-term effect on good glycaemic control an reduce diabetic and cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetic patients.

Risk factors for atherosclerosis in women

MUDr.Jan Piťha, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 241-243  

Atherosclerosis manifests quite often (50 % of men and 60 % of women) as sudden cardiac death in persons with no previous signs of coronary disease. Based on current knowledge, much of atherosclerotic vascular events might be avoided. Therefore, high-risk individuals are to be indentified and treated. Currently recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are, however, mostly based on the results of studies on the male population. However, in the general population, in women the prevalence and mortality of/from cardiovascular diseases and mainly strokes is in absolute numbers greater than in men. Smoking and diabetes mellitus and associated...

Warfarin - old friend

MUDr.Vladimír Tuka, Ph.D., MUDr.Tomáš Janota, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 244-246  

Warfarin is a useful, widely spread and indispensable drug used for both the treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis as well as prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valve or after major surgery. Despite its widespread use spanning many years, mistakes in its application are still being made and can be life-threatening because of the narrow therapeutic window of warfarin and its many interactions.

Pruritus

MUDr.Jaroslav Macášek

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 247-249  

Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation. Pruritus is associated with dermatologic or systemic diseases. Pruritus is classified into categories on the basis of underlying disease, we recognise primary or secondary, and localization of it, we recognize localized or generalized form. Secondary form of pruritus is common symptom of dermatologic diseases. But secondary form of pruritus is also very often symptom of systemic diseases as chronic renal insuficiency, cholestasis, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin´s lymphoma etc. For diagnosing the cause of itching are important physical examination, medical history, laboratory...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

MUDr.Michal Hájek, MUDr.Miroslav Koliba

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 250-254  

Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (diabetic foot) are a source of major concern and financial costs for both patients and health care systems. The cause of diabetic foot ulcers is multifactorial, e.g., neuropathy and angiopathy, leading to functional disturbances in the macrocirculation and skin microcirculation. Adequate tissue oxygen tension is an essential factor in infection control and wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) is method based on breathing of 100 % oxygen under higher pressure than ambient pressure and has beneficial actions on wound healing, antimicrobial action, reduction of oedema formation and stimulation of fibroblasts....

Cause of atypical abdominal pain

MUDr.Jitka Řehořová, MUDr.Jakub Ševčík, MUDr.Miluše Hertlová, MUDr.Soňa Štěpánková, MUDr.Lenka Malásková

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 272-274  

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a hereditary disease with multiorgan involvement. Infliction of kidney is during this disease frequent. Renal angiomyolipoms are benign lesions usually without need of therapy. In progress of tuberous sclerosis are typical problems like bleeding in kidney, symptoms caused by pressure of tumor or malignant degeneration. In case of renal cell carcinomas or any other complications is appropriate to prefer kidney-sparing performance. Here presented case report is description of diagnostic difficulties, resulting therapy and care of patients suffering from tuberous sclerosis

Nutritional immunology

RNDr.Petr Šíma, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 255-258  

Nutritional immunology often termed immunonutritology is a relatively new branch of medical sciences connecting two at first glance quite different fields, the immunology and the nutritology. In spite of this dissimilarity, immunonutritology has a wide impact on the public health. There is a great deal of evidence that the non-adequate or lowered intake of nutrition is reflected in both the proteinenergetic malnutrition (wasting disorder, kwashiorker etc.) and immune system disorder.

Phlebolymphoedema, diagnosis, treatment

MUDr.Veronika Flášarová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 259-261  

Phlebolymphoedema is the oedema by pacient with chronic decompensation venous disease and lymphologic insufficiency. This disease is chronic, for patients difficult and quality of patient’s life is bad. That is why early diagnosis and treatment of phlebolymphoedema is important point.

Vulvovaginitides - inflammations of the vulva and vagina

MUDr.Zuzana Dostálová, Ph.D., MUDr.Romana Gerychová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 262-264  

Vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulva and vagina, is one of the most common diseases in sexually active women. Typical symptoms of vulvovaginitides include vulvovaginal discomfort, i.e. discharge, vulvar itching and burning, and dyspareunia. Vulvovaginitis occurs when the balance of the vaginal ecosystem is disturbed. Successful treatment must be based on correct diagnosis and adequate treatment. Not uncommonly, chronic and recurrent vulvar and vaginal infections remain a challenging problem. Thus, strict adherence to hygiene and lifestyle measures is essential. Furthermore, products to restore the natural vaginal flora, systemic enzyme...

Diabetes and malignant tumour

doc.MUDr.Petra Tesařová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 266-271  

In addition to having specific effects in terms of glucose metabolism, the insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and insulin also possess a mitogenic effect that, by means of IGF1 receptors (IGF1-R) and insulin receptors (IR) often present on tumour cells, may be exerted by potentiation of tumour growth. The close link between carcinogenesis and glucose metabolism then results in interference of both these processes by drugs used to treat either condition. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediated by both receptors allows the clinician to predict adverse effects of treatment as well as to control the oncological safety of diabetes...

Daily therapy of erectile dysfunction - who is it for, what are the risks?

MUDr.Taťána Šrámková, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 275-278  

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as an inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Phosfodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are first line oral medication for erectile dysfunction (ED). Tadalafil 5 mg was well tolerated and effective in clinical studies, it was alternative to the current on-demand dosing of tadalafil for men with ED. Patients and their sexual partners preferred once daily administration, mainly because longer efficacy, safety allowing a more spontaneous sexual life.

Autodidaktický test 6/2011

Interní Med. 2011; 13(6): 278-279