Perspektivy a možnosti lékařské techniky

Ing. Martin Augustynek

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 47  

Overview of the treatment of peptic ulcers

MUDr.Dana Zimandlová, prof.MUDr.Jan Bureš, CSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 51-54  

Treatment of peptic ulcers depends on the aetiology and clinical presentation (presence or absence of complication, recurrent or refractory ulcer). The initial management of a stable patient with dyspepsia differs from the therapy of an unstable patient with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Nowadays conservative therapy dominates (the goal is to suppress production of hydrochloric acid and to eradicate possible Helicobacter pylori infection). Surgery is indicated in severe complications only. Bleeding peptic ulcer is controlled by endoscopy in most cases (or by invasive radiology or surgery in case of failure of endoscopy).

Allergy and asthma

MUDr.Eva Vernerová

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 55-58  

A dramatic increase in the prevalence of allergy and asthma has occurrred during the past few decades. Although the symptoms of many allergic disorders can be suppressed quite effectively by pharmacological interventions, these do not provide a curative solution and therefore involve lifelong use of medication. The pivotal role in the regulation and maintaining of allergen tolerance represent T cell subsets, particullary T regulatory cells (T reg). These cells represent targets in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Treatment options for hypertension in patients with ischaemic heart disease

prof.MUDr.Jindřich Špinar, CSc., FESC, prof.MUDr.Jiří Vítovec, CSc., FESC

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 59-63  

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for ischaemic heart disease with adequate blood pressure control being the cornerstone of primary as well as secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease. In terms of primary prevention, it is recommended to control blood pressure effectively, i.e. to maintain the pressure below 140/90 mm Hg; for patients in secondary prevention, it has been recommended to keep it below 130/85 mm Hg. The mainstay of hypertension management in patients with ischaemic heart disease is the use of ACE inhibitors and/or AII antagonists with beta blockers. Epidemiological data show an increase in cardiovascular mortality...

Hypertension in type 2 diabetes - current approach to diagnosis and treatment

MUDr.Petr Bouček

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 64-68  

Hypertension is twice as common in diabetic patients as in people without diabetes and is one of the main causes of their high cardiovascular risk. In type 2 diabetes mellitus most cases of hypertension are primary (essential), often with a predominant systolic component. Because of potential peripheral arterial changes, the diagnosis of elevated blood pressure in diabetic patients should be always based on arm measurements which are now generally performed with automated oscillometric instruments. Current criteria for defining hypertension and initiation of therapy are identical to the ones used in the non-diabetic population, i.e. ≥...

Case reports from an osteological practice

MUDr.Jana Čepová, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr.Jitka Kolářová, Ing.Marta Pechová, Ing.Karel Kotaška, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Richard Průša, CSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 78-80  

The authors have selected examples of case reports from an osteological practice. The case reports focus on postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and the treatment of osteoporosis with bisphosphonates. The aim is to introduce biochemical laboratory tests used in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of osteoporosis.

Replacement of the gastrostomic drain by the balloon urinary catheter - experiences from the department

doc.MUDr.Miroslav Kala, CSc.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 81-82  

of the hospice care The autor brings his own experiences about care of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. After obstruction or unwanted extraction of the gastrostomic drain author passes balloon urinary catheter in gastrostomic canal. In conditions of the department of the hospice palliative care is after his opinion this option quite applicable. This method is easy and safe and unables the patient feed by mixed meal and protects him from stressful transport to the specialized center.

Low back pain

MUDr.Daniela Kondrová

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 69-72  

Up to 90 % of population is encountered with a low back pain at least once in their life. However it is simple low back pain in most cases, it is every time necessary to eliminate very serious back illness or other organic illness which occurs in this area. An article focuses on basic diagnostic approach of the pain in lumbosacral area, treatment possibilities of acute pain (pharmacotherapy, activity maintenance) and chronic pain (multidisciplinary approach). Other possibilities of non-pharmacological back pain treatment are mentioned here as well. approach.

Depression and cardiovascular diseases

MUDr.Eva Kitzlerová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 73-77  

Depressive disorder and cardiovascular diseases have the common pathophysiological mechanisms. They include both biological and behavioral mechanisms. The principal are three biological ones: the activation of hypothalamo-pitutio-adrenal axis with increased activation of sympathetic nervous system, the decreased vagal tonus followed by decreased heart rate variability and changes in thrombogenesis with increased thrombocytic agregability. These three mechanisms are followed by the cascade of another processes, which are interconnected with each other, they are mutually inseparable and cause the damage of cardiovascular system. These findings...

Nutritional supplements during the treatment of oncological diseases

Eva Chocenská

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 85-86  

Nutritional supplement is a foodstuff that enriches regular diet and it is a concentrate of vitamins and minerals as well as other substances with nutritional and physiological effects. The tumor growth and the health status of the oncological patient can be influenced by intake of these supplements. Nutritional supplements include: omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, green tea, allium vegetables, berries, citruses, red wine, mushrooms, etc. Their effect is antibacterial, antimycotic, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory and antiangiogenic. Proapoptotic effect on tumor cells was also observed.

How to optimize HDL-cholesterol?

MUDr.Lukáš Zlatohlávek, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2012; 14(2): 83-84  

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Czech Republic. The primary objective in reducing their risk, lowering LDL cholesterol and, consequently, increase HDL cholesterol. Therapy of choice is a complex therapy, including pharmacotherapy and lifestyle measures (diet, physical activity). Nowadays, we can increase the value of HDL cholesterol by about 20 %. Perhaps in the near future drugs will become avaiable that increase the lench of HDL cholesterol by up to 100 %.