O komerčních testech otcovství

MUDr. Radovan Haluza

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 435  

Patient with hematuria

doc. MUDr. Ivan Rychlík CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 440-443  

The patient with hematuria (HU) represents the less frequent cases in outpatient practice and it is therefore essential to perform correct differential diagnosis of the origin of HU. It is not only important to demonstrate the presence of HU, but as far as possible, to assess its intensity and pathogenetical origin. From the point of routine clinical practice, HU is usually divided according to the causes of HU – to HU of urological origin or HU of renal-nephrological origin. The most common urology´ causes represent urolithiasis, tumours and urinary tract inflammation; than the most important method of examination is renal ultrasonography....

New tobacco dependence treatment possibilities

MUDr. Eva Králíková CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 444-448  

Smoking causes almost one fifth of all deaths in our country. We have more than 2 million of patients dependent on tobacco. Existing effective treatment should be available to each smoker. Except of specialized centers, it is mainly the short intervention delivered by first-line physicians: ask about the smoking habit, clearly recommend to stop to each smoker, assess the motivation or willingness to stop, advise how to stop to those willing to stop, recommend medication, plan controls. Although the effectivity of such intervention itself is low, its broad application (each physician during each clinical contact with the patient) would play important...

Compressive therapy in venous diseases

MUDr. Zuzana Navrátilová Ph.D

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 449-455  

Compressive therapy is the most frequently used way of therapy of chronic venous insufficiency – either separately or in combination with surgical treatment or application of medications. The understanding of the effect of correctly applied external pressure, and the influence on macro ad micro circulation are an important argument for its place in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. For a correct application of external compression it is necessary to consider a number of criteria – to evaluate the stage of venous disease, indications and contraindications for external compression, type of the stocking, evaluate abilities...

Diabetes mellitus - specificity and complications in elderly

doc. MUDr. Pavel Weber CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 456-460  

The fact that diabetes mellitus involves in the 7th decade up to 20% of population and another 20% suffer impaired glucose tolerance causes that it is clinically the most important metabolic disease in elderly. In seniors it is usually DM type 2 (over 75 years up to 95%). Level of glucose may be elevated mildly and usually is asymptomatic, it may be present for many years without being recognized. In elderly even if the level is high, it may cause atypical and nonspecific symptoms. The diagnoses is based on blood sugar evaluation. Acute complications typical for advanced age are severe hypoglycemia (risk of vascular complications) and hyperosmolar...

Current opinion on polycystic ovary syndrome

MUDr. Hana Šarapatková

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 461-465  

Since the time Stein and Leventhal published the description of 7 female patients with amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity and characteristic cysts on ovaries (PCO) in 1935, many years have passed. It was one of the first descriptions of complex of phenotypic manifestation which are called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). During the time PCO turned up to be one of the most frequent endocrine diseases in females in fertile age. It is not a single outlined disease, but a syndrome with various phenotypic manifestations. It is characterized by ovulation disorder (clinically amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea), hyperandrogenemia that may present with hirsutism, acne...

AL amyloidosis and heart

MUDr. Tomáš Pika, et al

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 466-469  

Primary (AL) amyloidosis and its associated organ impairment have an effect on quality and life lenght of the patients. One of the most powerfull prognostic markers is heart affection. Determination of heart affection severity and also treatment management is very difficult, requiring cooperation of many health specialists.

Těsná kompenzace glykemie a vaskulární komplikace u pacientů

prof. MUDr. Milan Kvapil CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 479-480  

Celiakie - pohledy z druhé strany

prof. MUDr. Přemysl Frič DrSc, Ing. Iva Bušinová

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 482-484  

Diagnoses and treatment of hearing loss

MUDr. Jan Rottenberg Ph.D

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 470-473  

Hearing loss is a symptom significantly limiting the quality of patient life and also a symptom signaling a possible life threatening disease. The aim of the article is to review classification of hearing loss, describe individual types of hearing loss and diseases leading to it, as well as information about the basic diagnostic and treatment.

Hair diseases

MUDr. Marie Finsterlová

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 474-477  

Hair diseases are a frequent problem of patients, who then attend primarily the dermatology surgeries. Among the most sensitive issues are changes in the structure or colour of hair, their excessive growth or their loss. Hair diseases may limit the patiens’ social and working life. The etiology and patogenesis of most hair disorders are not known. In a number of cases it is not easy to determine the diagnosis. There are several things that need to be done in order to find out the cause of the problem: clinical and microscopic examination, histology, examination of blood and other. In some cases cooperation with other specialists is necessary –...

Jak hodnotit hladinu celkového tyroxinu v těhotenství?

doc. MUDr. Jan Čáp CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(10): 478