Kontakt lékaře s obětí trestných činů

MUDr. Petra Vitoušová

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 151  

Significance of combinations of oral antidiabetics in type 2 diabetes treatment

doc. MUDr. Alena Šmahelová Ph.D

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 155-158  

Current options of type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy are broad. Recent knowledge has had a major impact on the therapeutic regimen and procedure and has proved that glycaemic compensation cannot be obtained without oral antidiabetics. Given the fact that oral antidiabetics gradually lose efficacy as monotherapy, timely combinations of various types of antidiabetics at lower doses are required. Other, almost invariably present disorders (arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, coagulation disorders) require complex pharmacological treatment. In a number of patients, it is possible to use combinations of oral antidiabetics, which combine the effects...

Clinical characteristics, diagnostic aspects, prevention, and treatment of resistant hypertension

prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Šimon DrSc

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 159-162  

Resistant hypertension is a commonly occurring clinical phenomenon in both general and specialized practice. The prevalence is not precisely known, with elderly persons, obese individuals, and those with metabolic syndrome being more frequently affected. Occasional elevations in blood pressure due to psychosomatic causes and in anxiety and panic episodes need to be distinguished. Permanent resistance requires ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure and an intensive search for a secondary cause of hypertension. Initial interventions should involve lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological treatment consists in triple or quadruple combinations of...

Strategy of chronic pain therapy in interval medicine

MUDr. Boris Leštiansky

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 163-166  

The main goal of this article is to provide general and comprehensive summary of algesiologic principles for treating chronic pain states in internal medicine.

Laboratory tests in allergy diagnosis

MUDr. Stanislava Honzová

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 168-170  

In vitro diagnosis of type I allergy is based on the detection, and quantification of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in serum of atopic patients. New laboratory methods were introduced during past years.

Pharmacotherapy of obesity

MUDr. Petr Hlavatý

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 171-174  

Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated health risks, pharmacotherapy is gaining importance as a part of complex therapy resulting in an overall lifestyle change. Currently available drugs significantly aid in reducing body weight and maintaining weight loss. However, research continues into other effective substances which could be successfully applied in obesity treatment.

New antiplatelet drugs in cardiovascular disease treatment

doc. MUDr. Debora Karetová CSc, prof. MUDr. Jan Bultas CSc

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 175-177  

Antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay of both prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the methods available have numerous disadvantages, primarily including high rate of resistance or poor response to treatment. New antiplatelet drugs have superior properties and lack a number of therapeutic limitations. The paper summarizes the effects of new reversible (ticagrelor and cangrelor) as well as irreversible (prasugrel) platelet ADP receptor blockers, new platelet PAR-1 thrombin receptor inhibitors (SCH-530348) and new options of blockade of thromboxane A2 synthesis (triflusal) or its receptor blockers (terutroban). As is evident,...

Oxidative stress and COPD

MUDr. Norbert Pauk

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 178-181  

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by fixed airflow limitation associated with an abnormal pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response of the lungs to cigarette smoke. A better understanding of the origin and consequences of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and of potential therapies, will most likely lead to better care of patients with COPD. The role of antioxidants is analysed. The main treatment options are inhaled bronchodilatators and pulmonary rehabilitation with smoking cessation. There are only limited indications for inhaled glucocorticosteroids.

Internista musí být schopen nahradit specialistu

Mgr. Iva Daňková

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 197  

Coincidence of two endocrinopathies at two postmenopausal women

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4)

We bring case reports of two patiens, who was taken ill of thyreopathy in combination with hyperparathyroidism. There was found the peripheral hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis in combination with primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma of parathyroid gland in the first report. The second case report refers to older woman, who fall ill with parathyroid gland adenoma and peripheral hyperthyroidism caused by polynodose goiter. Both patiens were examined for thyreopathy primarily, hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed later during complete additional examination. We can see difficulty of the locating diagnostics of parathyroid gland adenoma...

Coincidence of two endocrinopathies at two postmenopausal women

MUDr. Marta Masárová

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 186-187  

We bring case reports of two patiens, who was taken ill of thyreopathy in combination with hyperparathyroidism. There was found the peripheral hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis in combination with primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma of parathyroid gland in the first report. The second case report refers to older woman, who fall ill with parathyroid gland adenoma and peripheral hyperthyroidism caused by polynodose goiter. Both patiens were examined for thyreopathy primarily, hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed later during complete additional examination. We can see difficulty of the locating diagnostics of parathyroid gland adenoma...

Neurological disorders and essential principles of pharmacotherapy in elderly

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Ambler, DrSc

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 182-185  

The growing interest in health problems of the elderly is the result of changes in the population age distribution. The birth rate decline and extended life expectancy result in the overall ageing of the population and this is accompanied by the increased consumption of social and health services. In this country the proportion of citizens of the age of 65+ amounts to 14.6 % and according to the demographic trend this percentage will increase each year. Simultaneously, the number of diseases directly associated with the old age grows as well. Typically cardiovascular diseases and tumors are mostly involved, but mental diseases and neurological...

The fundamentals of fecal occult blood tests and their characteristics

Mgr. Jan Chrastina

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 193-196  

This article deals with the fundamentals of fecal occult blood tests (not only while suspicion of coleractal cancer diagnosis). The article is focused on benefits as well as on disadvantages of individual principles of testing that are currently in use. Article contains changes in colorectal cancer screening from January 2009.

Treatment and differencial diagnosis of pain after sports

MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 188-189  

Non-specific foot pain can have a variety of causes. Pain in the athlete can be the result of several factors, including anatomic variations, biomechanical faults, poor habits, and training errors. The more correct the diagnosis, the greater the chance of instituting a successful treatment regimen. Focused questions and physical examination can help identify the reason of pain.

Use of supplemental enteral nutrition during hospitalization

prof. MUDr. Luboš Sobotka CSc

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4): 190-192  

The paper deals with malnutrition states suffered by chronically ill patients in both hospital and home settings and with their management by means of nutritional screening and nutritional support.

Autodidaktický test č. 4/2009

Interní Med. 2009; 11(4)