Kde se v nás bere krutost?

prof. PhDr. Pavel Říčan, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 3  

Mixed dyslipidemia: up-to-date treatment

MUDr.David Karásek, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Helena Vaverková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 7-12  

Mixed dyslipidemia represents a heterogenic group of lipid disorders. Cardiovascular events are the main complications of this disease (atherogenic dyslipidemia), acute pancreatitis may be caused by severe hypertriglyceridemia. Detailed assessment of lipid parameters helps with better estimation of patient’s risk and appropriate hypolipidemic treatment. Statins are the first choice treatment for mixed dyslipidemia (except the severe hypertriglyceridemia). Nevertheless, even patients on adequate dose of statins often have a high residual risk, which could be decreased by another hypolipidemic drug. Authors present up-to-day treatment of...

The treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

MUDr.Jana Hirmerová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 13-17  

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Basic principles of VTE treatment, consisting mainly of anticoagulation, remain the same; however, this group of patients has specific risks. For the initial treatment, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin is used. Warfarin is routinely used for long term treatment in patients without cancer but in patients with cancer, this therapy is associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding as well as that of VTE recurrence. Taken together, the results from clinical trials in cancer patients with VTE confirm...

Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

MUDr.Vladimír Herout

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 18-19  

Course of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be complicated by period of deterioration, which is called exacerbation. Every exacerbation should be defined and treated adequately. Prevention has the same importance as treatment.

Cough - differential diagnosis and treatment options

MUDr.Miroslav Urbánek, MUDr.Karel Lukáš, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 20-23  

A cough is a reflex action to clear the airways of potential causative factors of obstruction or to respond to (heat, chemical or thermal) irritation. When persistent, cough becomes a symptom accompanying a number of diseases and makes the patient seek medical attention. In terms of prevalence, cough is one of the most common symptoms the patients present with. Both acute (lasting up to three weeks) and chronic (lasting more than three weeks; according to some, duration of up to eight weeks can be accepted) forms are encountered. The diagnosis of its aetiology often requires multidisciplinary cooperation. Its underestimation may have fatal...

Strategy of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in cardiac disease

doc.MUDr.Petr Heinc, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Miloš Táborský, CSc., FESC, MBA, MUDr.David Vindiš

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 24-27  

Atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome and congestive heart failure are frequent cardiac disease with significant enhancement of thrombembolic complications. Different strategies of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy in patient with atrial fibrillation are recommended in prevention of thrombembolic complications according to presentation of different risk factors. Long lasting antiplatelet therapy with aspirin is principal in patients with coronary artery disease. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is indicated in patient with acute coronary syndrom for 1 month up to 1 year according to type of stent implantation....

An obese patient at the doctor‘s surgery

MUDr.RNDr.Tomáš Brychta, Ph.D., MUDr.Svetlana Brychtová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 28-30  

The continuously increasing number of obese people in both the developed and developing world represents a growing health, social and economic burden in the individual countries. Obesity accounts for 2–8 % of health care costs and 10–13 % of deaths in Europe. Virtually all physicians must be prepared to fight obesity because obese individuals will represent an increasingly larger proportion of their patients. Given the limited pharmacotherapy options, more attention is paid to the surgical treatment of obesity and the use of very low calorie diets (VLCDs). A new group of anti-diabetic drugs base on incretin principle with a positively...

Anemia in general practice

MUDr.Alena Buliková, Ph.D., MUDr.Jarmila Kissová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 31-34  

In this paper authors summarized problem of diagnosis, differential diagnostic and possibilities of solution of anemic syndrome in general in-patient practice. The aim of this paper is to differentiate the situations, in which special hematology examination is not necessary and this is reason why these patients can been managed by general practitioners eventually in cooperation with other medical specialists.

Nutritional support in inflamatory bowel disease

MUDr.Eva Meisnerová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 35-37  

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease often suffer from malnutrition and its complications as micronutrient and vitamin deficiency. Options of nutritional support include dietary counseling and support, enteral and parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition influences the inflammatory processes, can bring the diseases to remission, treats malnutrition and lacks common side effects of medicaments. Parenteral nutrition has its main role in cases of intestinal failure. Aims of nutritional support are prevention and treatment of malnutrition.

Streptococcus suis: an agent of purulent meningoencephalitises not only in a veterinary sphere

MUDr.Martina Pýchová, MUDr.Marie Konrádová, Mgr.Eva Němcová, MUDr.Tomáš Freiberger, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Petr Husa, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 43-45  

A main host of Streptococcus suis is a pig and streptococcal infections occur in nearly all countries with pig industry. The infection manifests usually as pneumonia, purulent meningoencephalitis, septicaemia etc. A transmission to humans is easy and course of illness is similar. Until recently these diseases have been known as relatively rare zoonosis. A transmission of disease is mostly by injured skin during contaminated meat handling. So in a great risk there are people working on abattoir and pig farms. This article presents cases of two people hospitalized in Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty Hospital Brno because of purulent...

Phytoestrogens and their application in menopause

prof.Dr.RNDr.Oldřich Lapčík, PharmDr.Lucie Sosvorová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 38-42  

Phytoestrogens are a structurally heterogenous group of plant polyphenols that are able to activate vertebrates estrogen receptors. Their main representatives in human diet are isoflavones and lignans. For more than twenty years, phytoestrogens are considered to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated their potential to act positively on bone metabolism, cardiovascular system, menopausal vasomotor symptoms and to decrease the risk of breast cancer. The evidence of clinically relevant effects of phytoestrogens is still rather limited. The menopausal women‘s choice of phytoestrogen food supplements is more often...

Hypertension in pregnant women

Leona Mikšová, Bohumila Majerčíková

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 46-47  

Hypertension is one of the most common co-morbidities in pregnant women. There is a possibility of development of number of complications in both mothers and unborn children, if a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of hypertension is inadequately followed up and treated. High blood pressure increases both morbidity and mortality in pregnant patients, which trend we can find in countries with a high level of medical care, too. Untreated hypertension can lead to a development of many complications. We can mention the placental abruption and stroke among the most serious events in mothers. As the worst eventuality, hypertension can cause the intrauterine...

Is there any other treatment methods of the infectious diseases than antibiotics?

doc.MUDr.Věra Adámková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 48-50  

The infectious diseases are a result of the relationship between the agents and the hosts. In Czech Republic there were practically 128 000 new cases of the infectious diseases in 2009 (it is incresing about 5 %) (1). This information presents data of the National Institute of Public Health on reported infectious diseases that proceed from Information System of Infectious Diseases (EPIDAT).

How to eliminate snoring?

doc.MUDr.Jan Klozar, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 51-53  

The aetiopathogenesis of snoring and that of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome are similar. The prevalence of apnoea among snorers is high. Before any surgical intervention is considered, testing in a sleep laboratory is used to rule out sleep apnoea syndrome. In plain rhonchopathy, an outpatient surgical procedure in the area of the laryngeal inlet may be indicated. Laser-assisted uvuloplasty is the most common and perhaps most effective type of procedure. Surgical correction of the velopharyngeal area does not guarantee elimination of snoring with approximately 15% of patients having no benefit. A thorough examination by a qualified specialist...

Autodidaktický test 1/2011

Interní Med. 2011; 13(1): 54-55