Interní medicína pro praxi je úspěšná na cestě ke svým čtenářům

prof. MUDr. Miroslav Souček, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 151  

The changing paradigm of insulin treatment in diabetes type 2

prof.MUDr.Jaroslav Rybka, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 154-158  

The management of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) is primarily aimed at dysglycaemia, with an objective to reduce the risk of micro- and macrovascular complicatioons. However, even the new antidiabetic oral drugs themselves are not able to ensure appropriate efficiency in terms of reaching and maintaining continued therapeutic goals. If it is impossible to provide adequate glycaemic control in a patient with diabetes type 2, insulin therapy is initiated without any hesitation and delay. The paper looks at rational absolute as well as relative insulin indications in DM2T, and discusses strategic options related to insulin replacement therapy...

Preventive effects of folic acid

doc.MUDr.Miroslav Stránský

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 159-162  

Folic acid is one of water soluble vitamins. It plays an important role in metabolism of aminoacids, nucleic acids, phospholipids and in blood production; it has influence on homocysteine metabolism too. It is important for normal development of the neural tube in embryos and it reduces the incidence of other inborn defects. Possibilities of its preventive effect on cardiovascular disease, some cancers and possibly on improvement of cognitive functioning, are being considered. Folic acid saturation of population is deficient. Improvement is possible by means of increased consumption of folic acid rich foods and supplementation in the form of...

Patient with adrenocortical insufficiency in internist’s office

prof.MUDr.Michal Kršek, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 163-166  

Adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) is a condition characterized by decreased secretion of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex. Primary AI is characterised by deficiency of all adrenocortical steroids, secondary AI is characterised mainly by deficiency of glucocorticoids while secretion of mineralocorticoids is mostly preserved. Clinical presentation of chronic AI consists mainly of non-specific signs as tiredness and weakness, however is can progress to more severe forms with hypotension, tachycardia, abdominal pain, hypoglycaemia, hyperkalemia, acidosis and even circulatory failure with a threat of death. Therefore, there is a need for early...

Differential diagnosis and treatment of diarrhoea

prof.MUDr.Jiří Ehrmann, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 167-170  

Educational narrative review of differential diagnosis and treatment of diarrhoea. The article is determined especially to specialists in internal medicine or gastroenterology. Diarrhoea is the second most common symptom after cough in humane medicine. Its differential diagnosis is a serious medical proplem. There are many kinds of classification of diarrhoea. From aspect of duration diarrhoea is divided in to acute and chronic, from view of etiology we know infectious diarrhoea, non infectious inflammatory diarrhoea, metabolic, endocrine or functional diarrhoea. In this article the classification of diarrhoea is according to the pathogenesis....

Etiology of conscience disorders at a profiled cardiology center

MUDr.Malvína Křivánková, MUDr.Vlastimil Doupal, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Zapletalová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 179-181  

The object of this study was the analysis of consciousness disorders of patients admitted into the I. internal clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc. The second task was to compare possible treatments of syncope vasovagal in term of medicining betalytics or without therapy. Compare own results with universal dates. 7507 patients were admitted into above mentioned clinic in two years. 499 patients suffered from consciousness disorders, that is 6.5 %. Cardiac etiology was confirmed in 347 cases, noncardiac in 112 patients. It was impossible to explain the cause of consciousness disorders in 40 cases. The occurrence of the disease was the...

Specific antifungals and their use in the therapy of selected diseases

PharmDr.Petr Horák

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 171-175  

The incidence of systemic fungal infections especially has been growing in last decades. It is related to the expansion of HIV/AIDS pandemic and also to the development of therapy of many diseases that affect immunity. It has resulted in the development of new drugs and new therapeutic classes, or changes in the administration and indications of formerly known drugs. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches have also been employed in the therapy of topical mycoses, and this article is devoted to them, too.

Trends in hormonal contraception

MUDr.Michael Fanta, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 176-178  

Despite the availability of a wide range of formulations of hormonal contraception (similarly reliable, safe and tolerated), there are still efforts to develop formulations with additional favourable properties and noncontraceptive benefits. After achieving the minimum dose of the synthetic oestrogen component (15 μg) of ethinylestradiol, a predominant oestrogen component until recently, an alternative in the form of natural estradiol, or estradiol valerate, was introduced in combined oral contraception (COC) not long ago. Poor cycle control, the limiting factor thus far, has been overcome by the combination with new gestagens. In the...

On the dosage of diuretics in hypertension treatment

doc.MUDr.Jiří Špác, CSc., MUDr.Bohuslav Kianička

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 182-185  

Diuretics are among the longest-used major drug groups in hypertension treatment, having been used in the clinical practice since 1957 until now for their capacity to effectively reduce blood pressure levels. In hypertension treatment, they are primarily used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs in low doses. Increasing the dose of thiazide diuretics is not effective in terms of hypertension treatment and does not result in increased effect; on the contrary, there is accentuation of side effects. Minimizing the daily dose of diuretics is one of the main approaches in order to prevent negative metabolic consequences.

Autodidaktický test 4/2011

Interní Med. 2011; 13(4): 185-186