Zdraví, zboží, hodnota a cena

prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komenda DrSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 319  

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: emerging preventive and therapeutic options

prof. MUDr. Jan Štěpán DrSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 323-326  

Risk of osteoporosis and fracture in patients on glucocorticoid therapy is substantially increased. Individual absolute risk to sustain a fracture within next 10 years can be assessed in clinical practice using the clinical factors according to WHO recommendation. Increased risk of fracture is due to deterioration of quality of bone resulting from suppression of new bone formation by glucocorticoids. Accordingly, a sequential bone anabolic and antiresorptive treatment is advantageous.

New options of treatment of chronic viral hepatitis

prof. MUDr. Petr Husa CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 327-332  

Chronic hepatitis B and C are in a worldwide scale the most frequent causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma causing significant mortality. The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis has been recently quickly developing. New medications against hepatitis B virus (HBV) continue to be introduced in clinical practice and efficacy and safety of many other medications is being tested in clinical trials of various phases. Standard treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still the combination of pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin. New ways how to make use of the therapeutic potential of these medications the most...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in pregnancy

doc. MUDr. Milan Kment CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 333-335  

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn´s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) affecting young adults in theirs reproductive age. Young women often afraid of influence of these disease on fertility, pregnancy course of unknown origin and fetal development, further about safety of different investigational methods and drugs. This article presents an instructions and recommendation for treatment of pregnant patients with IBD including investigational methods and summarise recent date about safe medication and investigation methods during pregnancy and lactation.

Acquired inhibitors of blood coagulation

MUDr. Alena Buliková Ph.D, MUDr. Petr Smejkal, RNDr. Jiřina Zavřelová, MUDr. Gabriela Chlupová, prof. MUDr. Miroslav Penka CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 336-339  

Acquired inhibitors of coagulation are rare autoimmune disorders caused by auto antibodies to haemostasis factors. They are mostly accompanied by bleeding symptoms, but rarely clinical manifestation is asymptomatic or thrombotic. Authors focus to clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy possibilities of specific states. These disorders are mentioned here with aim to guarantee fast diagnose and therapy in specialised centres for haemostasis diseases.

Recurrence of varices of lower extremities

doc. MUDr. Jiří Herman CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 340-344  

Varices of lower extremities affect more than 55 % of men and 78 % of women. A large number of patients undergo surgical treatment that is associated with a high percentage of recurrence. The main cause of recurrence is usually a reflux left in saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction. The basics of further therapeutic approach is ultrasound of venous system of involved extremity and in the case of reflux from deep to superficial venous system, the surgical treatment should be indicated. If there is no reflux or after its surgical cure, compressive sclerotisation or medical and compressive therapy may be indicated individually or in combination....

PROBLEMS OF PROBIOTIC THERAPY

prof. MUDr. Přemysl Frič DrSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 345-347  

Molecular biology significantly increased our knowledge of the properties of probiotics and their therapeutic potential. At present not only native but also recombinant and chimeric probiotics are available. These new generations of probiotics enable additional applications: in-situ synthesis, secretion and targeted administration of biological molecules as well as binding of microbial toxins by chimeric lipopolysaccharide of saprophytic microbes. Experimental trials are, however, much ahead of clinical applications. In these studies it is necessary to move from the general concept of suitable effects of probiotics to determination of specific effects...

ENDOMICROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EXAMINATIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

MUDr. Zdeněk Beneš CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 348-349  

Modern endoscopic techniques enable acquisitions of very accurate images of surfaces of the gastrointestinal mucosa down to very subtle details. These techniques nonetheless do not allow for displaying images of surfaces of the examined area in morphological detail. This is why in recent years we have seen advanced development of techniques of so-called endomicroscopy – including endoscopic cystoscopy and laser-scanning confocal endomicroscopy. Both endomicroscopic techniques enable in vivo images of the respective area during a concurrent routine endoscopic examination including observation of histological structures. These techniques could...

The endogenous timekeeping system

prof. RNDr Helena Illnerová DrSc, PharmDr. Alena Sumová CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 350-352  

The circadian system provides an endogenous daily programme for the entire organism and may fulfil even the role of a calendar. It is an integrating system: it encompasses a central clock and clocks in peripheral organs which are coordinated and synchronized by the central clock. At the same time the circadian system depends on its environment and is periodically entrained by surrounding stimuli, mostly by photic ones. The discipline which studies the role of time in biology, the so called chronobiology, covers mostly the circadian rhythmicity and affects many branches of theoretical medicine like physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, neurobiology....

Heparinem indukovaná trombocytopenie II. typu u komplikované ileofemorální flebotrombózy léčené katétrem řízenou trombolýzou

MUDr. Blanka Riegerová, MUDr. Radovan Malý Ph.D, MUDr. Miroslav Lojík, MUDr. Jan Raupach, MUDr. Vendelín Chovanec, doc. MUDr. Petr Dulíček Ph.D

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 358-360  

METABOLIC SYNDROME AND SELECTED MENTHAL ILLNESSES

doc. MUDr. Miroslav Zeman CSc, doc. MUDr. Roman Jirák CSc

Interní Med. 2008; 10(7): 354-357  

Metabolic syndrome, characterized by coincidental occurence of several risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, is connected not only with an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and other complications of atherosclerosis but also with other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or some malignancies (e. g. colorectal, prostate or pancreatic cancer). Nowadays, the connection between metabolic syndrome and some neurologic and psychiatric diseases (especially schizophrenia, depressive disorder and Alzheimer´s disease) is disputed. The article outlines the relationship between metabolic syndrome on one hand and selected mental diseases on...