Kdy a jak může náboženská víra pomoci a kdy může nemocné zatěžovat?

doc. Aleš Opatrný, Th.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 55  

Treatment of recurrent clinical symptoms of herpetic infections

doc.MUDr.Michal Holub, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 60-62  

This review article deals with recurrent herpetic infections caused by alpha herpesviruses, i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella zoster virus. The stress is put on the novel diagnostic methods that can be utilized routinely such as detection of viral antigens with immunohistochemistry or the detection of deoxyribonucleid acid using polymerase-chain reaction. Also, the overview of the current treatment methods for recurrent clinical symptoms of infections caused by alpha herpesviruses based on the use of antiviral agents is presented. Special attention is paid to the treatment of recurrent labial and genital...

The impact of the fats to the cardiovascular diseases

doc.MUDr.Věra Adámková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 63-66  

Many excesses of the treatment of the cardiovascular diseases were achieved, but the main cause of death are in Czech Republic, in long terms, diseases of the circulatory system, that resulted in 49.8 % of all deaths (23 532 men and 28 748 women (1). The decreasing trend of the mortality of the cardiovascular diseases was written down at the beginning of the 90th of the 20. century, on the whole about 16 % (2). This favourable trend continues and it is considered like the main cause of the extensing of the life expectancy in our country (3). Life expectancy at birth increased by 0.3 year for men and by about a quarter of year for women. In...

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of renal bone disease

MUDr.Mgr.Jitka Štěpánková, prof.MUDr.Sylvie Dusilová-Sulková, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 67-71  

The reduction of renal function leads to disturbed calcium, phosphorus metabolism, impaired action of calcitriol, increased parathyroid hormone, FGF 23. Unless appropriate treatment these abnormalities in mineral metabolism and endocrine regulation can cause changes in bone structure (renal bone disease) and development of extraosseous calcifications. This systemic disorder is defined as Chronic Kidney Disease – Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality of CKD patients. The type of renal bone disease can be exactly diagnosed only by a bone biopsy providing measurement of bone turnover,...

Diabetes mellitus - advances in treatment

MUDr.Marcela Szabó

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 72-76  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease the management of which involves a number of therapeutic approaches including various pharmacotherapies. Hypoglycaemia has repeatedly been shown to be the major barrier in achieving normoglycaemia. Thus, the goal is to treat the patient with medications that will result in normalization of glycaemia without the risk of hypoglycaemia. Therefore, it is very encouraging that the new pharmaceuticals to treat type 2 diabetes lead to a decrease in glycaemia with a minimal or even no risk of hypoglycaemia. They are medications whose mechanism of action is based on affecting the incretin system. Incretins...

Prophylaxis and therapy of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer

MUDr.Bohdan Kadlec, prof.MUDr.Jana Skřičková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 78-86  

Patients with lung cancer experience elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A hypercoagulable state occurs due to the ability of tumor cells to activate the coagulation system. Prothrombotic factors include the ability of tumor cells to produce and secrete procoagulant substances and inflammatory cytokines, and the physical interaction between tumor cell and blood. Other mechanisms of thrombus promotion in malignancy include surgery, metastatic disease and use of chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with novel targeted drugs. Cancer patients with thrombosis have a shorter life expectancy than cancer patients without this complication....

Warfarin, food and dietary supplements

MUDr.Miloslava Matýšková, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 87-91  

Anticoagulation treatment with warfarin and other dicoumarol derivates shows significant interindividual and also intraindividual variation. The effect and doses depend not only on inherited disposition in each individual but also on a range of acquired conditions. Among the acquired factors, besides clinical status, food composition accompanied by medicaments and dietary supplements are very important. In nutrition, content of vitamin K plays an important role. According the latest recommendations, its acquisition should be as stable as possible. It is also simultaneously necessary to avoid a range of dietary supplements because they could...

The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics

prof.Ing.Vojtěch Rada, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 92-97  

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics strains are usually bacterial species normally commensal in the human intestinal tract. Genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most frequently used probiotic bacteria. Beneficial effects of probiotics on human health include alleviation of allergies, immunomodulation, prevention of colon carcinoma, alleviation of constipation and the prevention and supportive therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and diarrhoea. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrate foods or food ingredients that selectively stimulate...

Giant cell arteriitis

MUDr.Viktor Pavlík

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 98-100  

Giant cell arteriitis is disease from the group of large vesel vasculitis. This disease is more frequently in old age. Symptoms might be nonspecific such as elevated temperature, decrease of weight or atypical headache. Main risk of late treatment is non-reversible loss of eyesight. In the therapy the main drugs are still corticosteroids, alternatively can be used other imunosupresives or anti TNF alfa antibodies.

Inhalation allergens and triggers of allergic diseases

MUDr.Jana Vydláková

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 101-103  

Aeroallergens common in our environment can induce in sensibilized person allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma or other nonspecific symptoms. They can imitate a number of the illnesses. Main outdoor allergens are grass pollen, tree pollen and air fungi. Main indoor allergens are house dust mites and animal allergens. Allergic rhinitis can progress to bronchial asthma if diagnosis is set up too late or if the treatment is managed in inappropriate way. Essential part of the treatment is elimination of a trigger and initiation of causal allergen immunotherapy. However, this causal immunotherapy is indicated by defined group...

Carcinoid - Neuroendocrine tumor with many symptoms, less frequent cause of diarhoe

MUDr.Dagmar Jackuliaková, doc.MUDr.Zdeněk Fryšák, CSc., MUDr.Ladislav Faltýnek, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Tichý, prof.MUDr.Vlastimil Ščudla, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 104-108  

Carcinoid is a tumor originated in cells of neuroendocrine system and representing more than 50 % of neuroendocrine tumors. There are different carcinoid forms – tumors of undetermined significance, but also metastatic tumors with different degree of dedifferentiation. The tumor affects gastrointestinal system including pancreas, pulmonary system, ovary and thyroid gland. It is often asymptomatic for long time or it can produce symptoms given by its localisation. The typical carcinoid syndrome caused by serotonine hypersecretion is found just in 10 % of patients (up to 40 % patients with intestinal carcinoid). Typical symptoms are flush,...

How to identify and manage suicidal risk

MUDr.Jiří Koutek

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 109-110  

Suicidal behaviour represents a direct threat to the life and health of the patient. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential. In the case of impending suicide or attempted suicide, a psychiatric examination is indicated to diagnose a possible mental disorder and propose a therapeutic strategy. Assessment of the risk of repeat suicidal behaviour is important.

Toothache

MUDr.Magdalena Koťová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 111-113  

The most common causes of toothache in the orofacial area are briefly presented, with an emphasis on pain of odontogenic origin and basic differential diagnosis issues.

Doctor as a statistician or better statistics for doctors?

RNDr.Arnošt Komárek, Ph.D., Mgr.Marian Rybář

Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 114-116  

This article gives doctors valuable pieces of advice when processing the statistical data within their clinical research. It summarizes the most common statistical mistakes which the doctors are likely to make when comparing two methods of treatment. Moreover, the article also suggests ways of improvement if the data were collected in the appropriate way from the beginning of the clinical research.

Autodidaktický test 2/2010

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Interní Med. 2010; 12(2): 118