Globální strategie týkající se alkoholu Světové zdravotnické organizace a co z toho vyplývá pro Česko

MUDr. Karel Nešpor, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 347  

Diabetes mellitus and wound healing

MUDr.Vladimíra Fejfarová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 350-354  

Wound healing could be impaired by a range of factors including diabetes mellitus and relating metabolic changes influencing wound healing on biochemical and cell levels. Impaired wound healing in patients with diabetes mellitus is caused also by higher incidence of infectious complications, vascular changes at the level of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and in several cases by repetitive pressure on wound amplifying local ischemia. The field of wound healing is a complex of concerns; therefore we always pay attention to the control of many parameters. The wound treatment comes based on wound etiology under the competence of many specialists...

Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes

MUDr.Martin Malý, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 355-356  

Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of the medical treatment of acute coronary syndrome. In recent time, there were published several new clinical trials, namely CURRENT, TRITON and PLATO, addressing the problems associated with dual antiplatelet therapy.

Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (MBD-CKD)

MUDr.Kamil Žamboch, MUDr.Jana Zahálková, Ph.D., MUDr.Zdenka Kosatíková

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 357-360  

Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (MBD-CKD) is defined by the presence of one or more of the three components: renal osteopathy, abnormal metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, and vascular calcifications. Hyperphosphataemia, elevated parathormon levels and calcitriol deficiency are independently associated with increased mortality. The most common type in renal osteopathy is the mixed bone disease, occurring in up to 80 % of dialysis patiens, which is a combination of fibrous osteodystrophy and osteomalacia. Vascular component of CKD-MBD is significant for its close relationship to cardiovascular complications.

Low molecular weight heparins in outpatient practice

MUDr.Petr Kessler

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 361-365  

The structure and function of low molecular heparins (LMWHs), their pharmacokinetics and monitoring, the most important side effects and list of indications are described in the article, which is oriented to the outpatient practice. The selected recommendations concerning bleeding complications, laboratory monitoring, thromboprophylaxis, treatment of venous thromboembolism and preoperative measures in patients treated with warfarin are discussed, and special aspects of therapy with LMWHs during pregnancy are mentioned.

Iron - friend or foe of the men?

doc.MUDr.Radana Neuwirtová, CSc., prof.MUDr.Přemysl Poňka, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 366-368  

In the review article new findings in pathophysiology of iron and in iron overload diseases are presented. Iron may play a role either as a friend or a foe of the men.

Orthostatic hypotension in Shy-Drager syndrome

MUDr.Tomáš Vařeka, MUDr.Magdaléna Dušejovská, MUDr.Jaroslav Macášek, prof.MUDr.Aleš Žák, DrSc., doc.MUDr.Miroslav Zeman, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 382-384  

Chronic arterial hypotension refers to states when the blood pressure (BP) readings are below < 100/65 mm Hg in a long term. It is encountered in organic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) or in diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS); drug-induced hypotension is most commonly seen. Of major clinical significance is orthostatic hypotension that significantly limits the patients in their activities of daily living. A case of a patient with organic damage to the CNS, Shy-Drager syndrome (SDS), with orthostatic hypotension as a limiting factor, is described in the present case report. SDS is a rare and serious type of autonomic...

Hormonal contraception and thrombophilic states

doc.MUDr.Martin Procházka, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Procházková

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 369-371  

Combined hormonal contraception (CHC) is a contraceptive method based on the administration of an oestrogen-gestagen combination. In addition to preventing pregnancy, the use of hormonal preparations has numerous other positive effects on a woman’s body: it favourably affects the intensity of menstrual flow, particularly in women with hypermenorrhoea, and provides reliable bleeding control. It significantly reduces the intensity of menstrual pain, particularly in girls with dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual syndrome. When used in the long-term, CHC is reported to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The use of these preparations is, however,...

The warts

MUDr.Helena Drozenová

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 372-373  

The warts are benign lesions, which occur mainly on the skin, rarely on the mucosa. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a number of lesions. Children, adolescents and people with diminished resistence are mostly infected. We differentiate several types of warts – verrucae vulgares (verrucae plantares, verrucae filliformes), verrucae planae juveniles and condylomata accuminata.

Drug fever: patophysiology, diagnostics and treatment

MUDr.Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 374-375  

Drug fever is an unmeant increase of body temperature as an adverse effect of administered drug. Clinical symptoms are usually nonspecific and final diagnosis is confirmed after exclusion of other possible reasons of fever. The therapeutic approach is based on removal of invoking reason; in case of malignant hyperthermia administration of dantrolen is recommended.

Intracranial tumors: diagnosis and treatment

MUDr.Pavel Fadrus, Ph.D., MUDr.Radek Lakomý, MUDr.Petra Hübnerová, RNDr.Ondřej Slabý, Ph.D., MUDr.Miloš Keřkovský, MUDr.Tomáš Svoboda, MUDr.Václav Vybíhal, MUDr.Eduard Neuman, Ph.D., MUDr.Soňa Kryštofová, MUDr.Marek Sova, prof.MUDr.Martin Smrčka, Ph.D., MBA

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 376-381  

Primary malignant brain tumors account for only 2 % of all adult cancers but they cause a disproportionately high cancer-related disability and death. Primary brain tumors according the WHO classification are classified based on their cellular origin and histological appearance. In this review, we describe the standard treatment modalities for malignant and benign brain tumors, which include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, as well as the status of novel therapies that have been developed to target various aspects of glioma cell biology. Common presenting symptoms include headache, seizures, and altered mental status. Magnetic resonance...

Why is metformin the first-choice drug for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

prof.MUDr.Jindřiška Perušičová, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 385-386  

Metformin is a first-choice drug and should be administered to all newly detected diabetic patients since the onset of the disease along with nonpharmacological measures. In terms of evidence-based medicine, metformin has been shown to have anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects.

Hydration maintenance: why, what and how much to drink?

MUDr.Hana Jeligová, MUDr.František Kožíšek, CSc.

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 388-389  

The paper summarizes negative impacts of both dehydration and overhydration, discusses the issue of adequate daily water intake and suitable composition of fluids, and shortly touches the question of proper hydration in illness and therapy.

Nutritional procedures in treatment of patient

Anna Komoňová

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 390-394  

Nutrition is among the essential human needs. It usually has a positive effect. It is perceived in terms of taste and appearance, as hunger or saturation. Nutrition is the only way of delivering the body with the essential nutrients that affect our development and health. Both healthy elements and harmful substances enter the body with food. This paper aims to show the difference between nutrition and therapeutic nutrition as well as various nutritional procedures when treating a patient.

Autodidaktický test 6/2010

Interní Med. 2010; 12(7-8): 395