Biohackeři mění genetiku

prof. Ing. Jaroslav Petr, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 3  

Sleep apnoea syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease in clinical and pathophysiological context

MUDr. Samuel Genzor, MUDr. Jan Gregar, Ph.D., MUDr. Milada Hobzová

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 7-9 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.002  

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is the most common sleep breathing disorder. Beside unpleasant daytime and night symptoms,there is an important relationship with other diseases – cardiovascular, pulmonary and also gastroesophageal reflux. Theimportant cause of sleep apnoea and gastroesophageal reflux is obesity and both diseases are more common in the male population.There is an interplay between apnoea and obesity in pathogenesis of the gastric fluids reflux. The therapy of patientsshould be complex – focused on weight reduction and treatment of sleep apnoea and reflux.

Fabry disease

MUDr. Gabriela Dostálová, MUDr. Petra Reková, MUDr. Klára Sedláková, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Kodet, MUDr. Alena Slováková, MUDr. Kristýna Bayerová, MUDr. Lenka Roblová, MUDr. Lubor Goláň, prof. MUDr. Aleš Linhart, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 10-13 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.003  

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available in our country since 2004.The sooner diagnosis is made, the better ERT stabilizes the progression of Fabry disease. The timing of ERT is important in orderto prevent irreversible organ damage.

Bronchial asthma diagnostics and therapy highlights

MUDr. Jakub Novosad, Ph.D., MUDr. Irena Krčmová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 14-18 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.004  

Asthma bronchiale has been considered as chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsivenessand remodeling for more than 100 years. The proof of a causal link between disease and inflammation is, among others, a clearclinical effect of maintenance antiinflammatory therapy, which dramatically improved the course and prognosis of asthma andminimized its lethality after its introduction in the second half of last century. However, there still remain almost 5% of patientssuffering from severe form of the disease prone to exacerbations and resistent to conventional therapy. These patients usuallyneed to be treated by systemic...

Anticoagulation therapy in the elderly

doc. MUDr. Jiří Špác, CSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 19-23 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.005  

Elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous tromboembolism (VTE) are at elevated risk of thromboembolic events andbleeding compared to younger patients. The most common reason for withholding anticoagulation in older patients is a perceptionof a high risk of falling and associated bleeding, especially intracranial hemorrhage. Assessing the benefit-risk ratio ofanticoagulation is one of the most challenging issues in the individual elderly patient, patients at highest hemorrhagic risk oftenbeing those who would have the greatest benefit from anticoagulants. Some specific considerations are important when usinganticoagulants in the elderly...

Novel antidiabetics and progression of diabetic nephropathy

MUDr. Jan Vachek, PhDr. MUDr. Oskar Zakiyanov, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Vladimír Tesař, MBA, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 24-26 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.049  

Diabetic nephropathy (or diabetic kidney disease in the new nomenclature) is among frequent diabetes complications, particularlyin patients with worse disease control, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, or genetic predispositions. Furthermore,progression of diabetic nephropathy is often associated with smoking, anaemia, and increased protein intake. At present, patientswith both type 1 and type 2 diabetes appear to have a similarly high risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Preventionand treatment of diabetic kidney disease must be comprehensive and involves tight glycaemic control, blood pressure control(by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone...

Antibiotic treatment of infections caused by atypical bacteria

prof. MUDr. Milan Kolář, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 27-31 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.006  

The presented paper describes atypical bacteria clinically significant in the conditions of the Czech Republic. It characterizes themost common diseases caused by these bacteria, their microbiological diagnostics and the possibilities of antibiotic treatment.

Polymorbid patient with fatal inhalation injury – border between the treatment

MUDr. Jakub Holoubek, MUDr. Břetislav Lipový, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Řihová, MUDr. Ivan Suchánek, prof. MUDr. Pavel Brychta, CSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 38-41 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.008  

Inhalation injury is defined as the acute airway infliction due to inhalation of combustion products. Inhalation injuiry itself might befatal for the patient and in combination with a burn leads to a dramatic reduction of prognosis. Due to a change in the demographicparameters of the population is annually recorded an increase in the incidence of thermal and inhalation trauma in the elderly.At this case we present a 89-year-old man with severe inhalation injury and minor burns. The course of hospitalization was complicatedby repeated development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Unfortunately, despite precise microbiological surveillanceand numerous...

Management of damaged articular cartilage and osteoarthritis – surgical treatment

MUDr. Eduard Šťastný, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Tomáš Trč, CSc., MBA, MUDr. Theodoros Philippou,, MUDr. Jaromír Přidal, MUDr. Daniel Bělík, MBA

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 32-37 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.007  

In relation to the article about conservative treatment of arthrosis, the authors describe the possibilities of surgical treatment ofpost-traumatic and degenerative chondral defects. Abrasive methods used since the 1960s are still being used to the present timewith a short-term improvement in a clinical condition. This methods additionally function as bone marrow stimulating performanceagents when used for transplantations. Transplantation is preferred in focal post-traumatic cartilage flat defects or in mildto moderate arthrosis of lower limb joints in younger individuals. The transplanted cartilaginous defect contains connective tissue,hyaline cartilage-like...

Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

MUDr. Vanda Franková

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 49-52  

This article presents a brief practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.

Zkušenosti s novou fixní kombinací perindopril/bisoprolol v sekundární prevenci ICHS

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 42  

Differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies from the point of clinical practice
II. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and other monoclonal gammopathies of the „non-malignant“ origin

prof. MUDr. Vlastimil Ščudla, CSc., doc. MUDr. Mgr. Jiří Minařík, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Pika, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Bačovský, CSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(1): 44-48 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.051  

Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) are a very heterogeneous group of both malignant and dominantly non-malignant conditionsthat are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg, „paraprotein“) or its structural components in serumand/or urine. The aim of this paper is to present the spectrum of „non-malignant“ MG, their diagnostics and differential diagnosticsfrom the point of primary health care. The paper includes diagnostic criteria of selected nosologocal units, especially monoclonalgammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and its subtypes, monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS),AL-amyloidosis...