Kdo zaplatí antireklamu?

MUDr. Karel Nešpor CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1)

Probiotics in gastroenterology and hepatology

prof. MUDr. Jan Lata CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 7-10  

The article reviews indications for the use of probiotics in the area of gastroenterology and hepatology. Probiotics are already now an important component of treatment of idiopathic bowel inflammation and diarrhea. Their beneficial effect was described in a number of discussed areas and in future we can expect broadening of indications of probiotics in a number of other diagnoses.

Metabolic syndrome and myomas of uterus

doc. MUDr. Alena Šmahelová Ph.D, MUDr. Jana Náteková

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 11-13  

Depending on the used definition metabolic syndrome is present in up to one third of adult population. It is a very frequent disease; at least one of its components is present in almost 80% of adults. It has important relation to gynecology, both direct (mainly in polycystic ovary syndrome) and indirect (malignancies, gestational diabetes, perioperative periods). Hyperinsulinism, diabetes and obesity are important factors discussed in pathogenesis of tumors in general, including gynecological ones. In spite of some clear relations of metabolic syndrome to intestinal, renal, urinary bladder and breast tumors, relation of metabolic syndrome and prevalence...

Therapy of diastolic heart failure

prof. MUDr. Lenka Špinarová Ph.D., FESC, prof. MUDr. Jindřich Špinar CSc., FESC

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 14-18  

Authors review current knowledge of treatment of diastolic heart failure. So far several smaller clinical trials were accomplished showing improvement of exercise tolerance after verapamil, betablockers, ACE-inhibitors and AII receptor antagonists. First three large mortality clinical trials-CHARM Preserve with candesartane, SENIORS with nebivolol and PEP-CHF with perindopril proved decrease number of hospitalisation, in mortality there is only a trend toward improvement. The essentials of treatment are further on good control of hypertension and heart rate. Basic medication groups are betablockers, ACE-inhibitors and AII receptor antagonists.

Listeria meningitis

MUDr. Pavel Kosina, MUDr. Jana Krausová

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 19-20  

Bacterial meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes appear less frequently than other ones but they still have been part of live threatening diseases above all in newborns, infants, pregnant women and immunocompromized individuals. Alimentary transmission is the most frequent way of disorders´ acquisition, perinatal transmission or carrying over from a mother are less frequently reported. The onset of meningitis or encephalitis might be a far more insidious in comparison to other bacterial pathogens as well as certain distinctions concerning the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings – especially the CSF neutrophilic – monocytic pleocytosis....

Angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma

MUDr. Šárka Lukešová, MUDr. Otakar Kopecký CSc, MUDr. Josef Dvořák, MUDr. Dagmar Hlávková

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 21-27  

Angiogenesis represents an essential step in tumour proliferation, expansion, and metastasis. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be a well-vascularized tumour. The angiogenic response, also known as the „angiogenic switch“, is initiated when the balance between the positive and the negative regulators of angiogenesis is disrupted in favor of the proangiogenic factors. The role of inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene in the regulation of proangiogenic factors and the antiangiogenic agents tested in the treatment of RCC is described.

Vitamin D and immune system - theory and our experience

PharmDr. Klára Sochorová, prof. MUDr. Jiřina Bartůňková DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 28-30  

Vitamin D and its biologically active form kalcitriol participate in a lot of physiological processes in the human body. Calcitriol plays a key role in the regulation of calciumphosporus metabolism and its effect on cell differentiation and immune system is also important. It affects especially the mechanisms of innate immunity, but its activity is very variable. In the case of infection and cancer it works as immunostimulator, while rather as an immunosupressive agent in the case of autoimmunity. Regarding these characteristics, vitamin D can be used to prevent some infectious, malignant and autoimmunity diseases. Calcitriol and its synthetic analogues...

The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in practice

MUDr. František Švára

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 32-35  

The current opinion o the disorder of calcium metabolism and phosphorus in chronic renal failure is much wider than in the past. The disorder is considered to be multisystemic disease, which most important components besides bone changes itself are associated biochemical deviations in laboratory markers of bone metabolism and presence of vascular and other nonskeletal calcifications. The complex view on the problem resulted in a new term – Bone and mineral disorder in chronic renal disease. Based on results of large mortality studies current treatment does not focus on suppression of hyperparathyroidism. Our goal is to reach and maintain in the...

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

MUDr. Tomáš Zelinka

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 36-38  

Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours with very variable clinical presentations for which are typical paroxysmal complaints – headache, sweating, palpitations and hypertension. Its proper diagnosis is crucial because potential missing of the diagnosis could have fatal consequences for the patient. Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is made by the finding of elevated levels of catecholamines or their metabolites which is then followed by imaging and functional studies. For successful tumour removal, medical pre-treatment by an alfa-receptor blocker is necessary. After the tumour removal, patients with pheochromocytoma should be followed...

Nízkomolekulární hepariny v prevenci a léčbě žilního tromboembolizmu

doc. MUDr. Otto Mayer CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 39-41  

Algoritmus farmakoterapie hyperglykemie u diabetiků

prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Rybka DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 42-46  

Léky přes internet z pohledu právníka

Mgr. Michaela Vavreková

Interní Med. 2007; 9(1): 47-48