Internal Medicine for Practice, 2007, issue 6

Editorial

Lékař a technika čili Zamotán a vymotán

MUDr. Karel Nešpor CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 259

Review articles

Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases

MUDr. Michal Vrablík Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 262-264

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effect not only on cardiovascular system have been attracting attention of professionals and public already for many years. The result are thousands of articles and many books that focus especially on consummation of fish derived omega-3 fatty acids (to a lesser extent also plant derived fatty acids) and their effect on cardiovascular system. An increase in consummation of fish oil or supplements with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are components of most professional guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular events. In spite of large amount of information from laboratory, experimental...

Health risks of travelling and their prevention

doc. MUDr. Jiří Vaništa CSc, prof. MUDr. Jiří Beran CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 265-267

Travel medicine is a new medical field studying prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to travelling. Thorough information of traveller about all health risks of the area intended to visit is essential. In the article we discuss brief instructions how to prevent health disorders caused by warm climate, sunshine, and transportation and how to prevent injuries.

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders

prof. MUDr. Václav Zamrazil DrSc, doc. MUDr. Karel Vondra DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 268-272

Combination of diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disease (TD) is more frequent than their prevalence in general population (5–7 percents). DM is found in 10–20 % patients with TD, in Graves thyrotoxicosis in 20–25 percent. The effective treatment is normalization of thyroid function, that can prevent in early stage the development of permanent DM. In diabetic patients TD is frequent in autoimmune DM (DM 1, LADA) the autoimmune TD prevails (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). Pathalogic changes of thyroid function (hypo – and/or hyperthyroidism) impair metabolic compensation of DM and increase a risk of its complications....

Treatment of hypertension within the scope of stroke prevention

MUDr. Jiří Krupička Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 273-275

Hypertension (both systolic and diastolic blood pressure – SBP, resp. DBP) has a direct relation to prevalence of stroke. By influencing hypertension we can prevent a stroke in a much larger scale than by a modification of other risk factors. The treatment of hypertension belongs to basic steps in primary or secondary prevention. Some clinical studies show that certain groups of medications may prevent a stroke in a larger scale than other groups of medications. The article attempts to summarize recent findings.

Sarcoidosis - unrecognized

prof. MUDr. Vítězslav Kolek DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 276-279

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology (1). Morphologically sarcoidosis presents with epitheloid granulomas in different organs and tissues formed by accumulation of T-lymphocytes and transformed macrophages. In granulomas we do not find classification necrosis, but fibrinoid necrosis with following resorption or central hyaline fibrosis may be present (2). The name of the disease is derived from first histopathological descriptions, but currently diagnosis is based on synthesis of morphological, clinical, radiological, functional and immunological data. These characteristics are connected in descriptive definition of...

Is the patient in danger of recurrence of thromboembolic disease?

MUDr. Dalibor Musil Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 280-282

The article discusses the optimal length of secondary thromboprophylaxis after thromboembolic disease (TEN) and the probability of TEN recurrence. An individual approach to patients after a TEN is underlined. It attempts to give physicians a guideline how to estimate in an individual patient a risk of recurrence of the disease. It shows that the answer to the question what is the optimal length of anticoagulation treatment lies in stratification to low and high risk patients according risk of TEN recurrence. The following parameters are currently used for this stratification-sex, D-dimer level during and after the anticoagulation treatment, presence...

Polycystic kidney disease

prof. MUDr. Miroslav Merta CSc, MUDr. Jana Reiterová Ph.D, Ing. Jitka Štekrová

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 283-287

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most frequent hereditary renal disease with frequency 1:500. The disease is genetically heterogenous and is caused by mutations in PKD1 gene (on chromosome 16) or in PKD2 gene (on chromosome 4). 54 is the mean age of renal failure for PKD1 patients and 74 years is the mean age of renal failure for PKD2 patients. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound with finding of enlarged kidney filled with cysts. 70% of patients with normal renal function suffer from hypertension. Infection of urinary tract or cysts, nephrolithiasis, hematuria or hemorrhagie into cyst are common renal complication of the disease....

Information

XXVI. dny mladých internistů České republiky a Slovenska v Olomouci

doc. MUDr. Pavel Horák CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 302

Interdisciplinary overviews

Health risk reduction of medical aplication of phatalates (DEHP)

MUDr. Miroslav Šuta

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 288-291

Health risk of phtalates (especially DEHP) in connection with health care and possibilities of their reduction. Phtalates are esters of phtalic acid, a group of massively synthesized chemical substances with the ability of accumulation in biological tissues. Toxicity of phtalates for people and animals raise an anxiety, in spite of the fact that precise mechanisms of toxicity and its level may differ in individual phtalates. Medical care belongs to an important source of exposition of phtalates, mainly di (2-etylhexyl) phtalate (DEHP). Sources of phtalates are medical utilities produced from polyvinylchloride (PVC), e.g. infusion and transfusion sets,...

Pharmacological treatment of overactive bladder (oab) and urge urinary incontinence

MUDr. Aleš Vidlář, MUDr. Radovan Vrtal, doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(6): 292-295

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic distressing condition characterized by urinary urgency with or without urge incontinence (UI), usually with frequency and nocturia. It affects millions of people worldwide independent of age, sex and race. The prevalence increases with age and is relatively higher in women compared with men. The treatment of OAB is aimed at reducing of the debilitating symptoms so as to improve the overall quality of life for patients. This article gives overview about known pharmacological treatment of OAB and UI with a view to anticholinergic agents (1st line drugs).