Doba jedová

prof. RNDr. Anna Strunecká, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 283  

What to expect in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next few years

MUDr.Marcela Szabó

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 286-287  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease for the management of which a number of therapeutic approaches are used, including various pharmacotherapies. The present drug portfolio is constantly being expanded with additional drugs as well as with brand new drug groups with different mechanisms of action. Older drugs are being innovated and efforts to reduce the number of tablets used result in introducing new fixed combinations of various drugs. The present article introduces drugs intended for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus that can be expected to appear soon at the Czech pharmaceutical market.

Acute gastrointestinal infections

MUDr.Helena Ambrožová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 288-291  

Gastrointestinal infections primarily affect the small and large intestine, less frequently the oesophagus and stomach. The causative agents may include bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Oesophagitis mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients including those who are HIV positive; the aetiology is dominated by candidas, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. Intestinal infections present as acute gastroenteritis or enterocolitis. In the Czech Republic, the most common causative agents are campylobacters, salmonellas; rotaviruses and noroviruses. Clostridium difficile has an increasing significance in association with the worldwide...

Biological therapy for non-small-cell lung carcinoma

prof.MUDr.Jana Skřičková, CSc., MUDr.Lenka Babičková, MUDr.Marcela Tomíšková, MUDr.Bohdan Kadlec

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 292-295  

The therapeutic outcomes in recent years have shown that the possibilities of conventional chemotherapy have been exhausted and other combinations of conventional cytostatic drugs are not expected to significantly prolong the survival of patients with NSCLC. Another option for these patients is a therapy targeted at cell signalling pathways and their modulation. This method of therapeutic intervention is referred to as biologically targeted therapy. Unlike conventional cytostatic treatment, biological therapy is an approach at the subcellular level. While manipulating the natural regulatory mechanisms controlling the metabolism, proliferation...

The potential of diet to affect atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Bláha, CSc., MUDr.Jakub Víšek, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 296-299  

The consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) elevates the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma and contributes to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Reducing the occurrence of atherogenic dyslipidemia (includes a higher content of small LDL particles, reduced HDL-C and increased triglycerides) can be achieved by lowering the consumption of carbohydrates in the diet or by weight loss while altering the content of total or saturated fat has only minimal effect. A low-fat and high-carbohydrate diet results in reduced concentrations of LDL-C compared to a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet, particularly...

Phytoestrogens containing drugs and peri- and postmenopause

prof.MUDr.RNDr.Luboslav Stárka, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 300-304  

Drugs containing compounds of herbal origin from soy, red clover or black cohosh are often used by women with menopausal symptoms instead of hormonal replacement therapy. Phytoestrogens are presenting by compounds derived from isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and stilbens and exert effects based either on a weak estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity and/or on a series of other mechanisms. It was assumed that they could ameliorate disturbances of menopausal transition, protect against osteopenia and osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and mammary carcinoma. However, clinical studies report conflicting data regarding the beneficial or adverse...

Modern approach to the meningococcal sepsis treatment

MUDr.Iva Hufová, MUDr.Jan Maláska, Ph.D., MUDr.Břetislav Lipový, MUDr.Alice Hokynková, MUDr.Nora Gregorová, MUDr.Jitka Vokurková, Ph.D., MUDr.Iveta Zimová

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 310-311  

Invasive meningococcal diseases (IMD) are not too frequent but really severe. Tens of cases are registered every year in Czech Republic. Children and adolescents are the most vulnerable. Invasive meningococcal diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitidis. It is possible to vaccinate against serogroups A, C, W135 and Y. Vaccination against serogroup B isn’t available. Disease progression is very fast. It is important to recognize the symptoms in time and to start adequate therapy.

HELLP syndrome

MUDr.Igor Michalec, MUDr.Ondřej Šimetka, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 312-313  

A case report of a young pregnant woman with HELLP syndrome and severe preeclampsia with fetal death in utero and with a postpartum hysterectomy required for conservatively unmanageable bleeding with development of hemorrhagic shock.

Haemorrhoids - conservative or surgical approach?

MUDr.Július Őrhalmi, MUDr.Karel Klos, MUDr.Stanislav Jackanin, MUDr.Milan Lerch, doc.MUDr.Pavol Holéczy, CSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 305-309  

Haemorrhoidal nodules are a physiological part of the anus. Haemorrhoidal disease is present in case there are haemorrhoidal symptoms. Up to one third to one half of the population over 50 years of age suffer from haemorrhoidal disease. To choose an effective treatment, it is important to correctly determine the stage of haemorrhoidal disease. Currently, outpatient and mini-invasive treatments are the predominant options. In an outpatient setting, Barron ligation or a combination with diathermy are particularly used. The most effective mini-invasive methods include dearterialization using Doppler US and stapler anopexy. Conservative medical...

Hypercalcemia - differential diagnosis and available medical therapy

prof.MUDr.Petr Broulík, DrSc.

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7): 314-317  

Normal level of calcium for many physiological processes in the body is extremely important and under normal circumstances, it is remarkably constant between 2.2 to 2.6 mmol/l. Approximately half of the total calcium in serum is bound to proteins, primarily albumin. Hypercalcemia arises when the entry of calcium into the blood is greater than its loss. This occurs when excessive bone resorption, excessive resorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, and abnormal calcium binding to proteins leading to increased levels of calcium in the blood that exceed the capacity of the kidneys to remove calcium in the urine. Constant level of calcium...

Autodidaktický test 7/2011

Interní Med. 2011; 13(7)